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Autobiographical memory and psychopathology: Is memory specificity as important as we make it seem?
WIREs Cognitive Science ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-30 , DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1624 Tom J Barry 1, 2 , Keisuke Takano 3 , David J Hallford 4 , John E Roberts 5 , Karen Salmon 6 , Filip Raes 7
WIREs Cognitive Science ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-30 , DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1624 Tom J Barry 1, 2 , Keisuke Takano 3 , David J Hallford 4 , John E Roberts 5 , Karen Salmon 6 , Filip Raes 7
Affiliation
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Several decades of research have established reduced autobiographical memory specificity, or overgeneral memory, as an important cognitive factor associated with the risk for and maintenance of a range of psychiatric diagnoses. In measuring this construct, experimenters code autobiographical memories for the presence or absence of a single temporal detail that indicates that the remembered event took place on a single, specific, day (Last Thursday when I rode bikes with my son), or multiple days (When I rode bikes with my son). Studies indicate that the specificity of memories and the amount of other episodic detail that they include (e.g., who, what, and where) are related and may rely on the same neural processes to elicit their retrieval. However, specificity and detailedness are nonetheless separable constructs: imperfectly correlated and differentially associated with current and future depressive symptoms and other associated intrapersonal (e.g., rumination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support) outcomes. The ways in which the details of our memories align with narrative themes (i.e., agency, communion, identity) and the coherence with which these details are presented, are also emerging as important factors associated with psychopathology. The temporal specificity of autobiographical memories may be important, but other memory constructs warrant further attention in research and theory, especially given the associations, and dependencies, between each of these constructs. Researchers in this area must consider carefully whether their research questions necessitate a focus on autobiographical memory specificity or whether a more inclusive analysis of other autobiographical memory features is necessary and more fruitful.
中文翻译：
自传体记忆和精神病理学：记忆的特异性是否像我们说的那么重要？
几十年的研究已经确定自传体记忆特异性降低或过度记忆是与一系列精神病学诊断的风险和维持相关的重要认知因素。在测量这个结构时，实验者根据单个时间细节的存在或不存在对自传记忆进行编码，该时间细节表明记忆中的事件发生在一个特定的日子（上周四我和儿子骑自行车时），或多天（当我和儿子一起骑自行车时）。研究表明，记忆的特异性和它们包含的其他情节细节的数量（例如，谁、什么和在哪里）是相关的，并且可能依赖于相同的神经过程来引发它们的提取。然而，特异性和详细性尽管如此，它们仍然是可分离的结构：与当前和未来的抑郁症状以及其他相关的人际（例如，反刍）和人际（例如，社会支持）结果不完全相关和差异相关。我们的记忆细节与叙事主题（即代理、交流、身份）相一致的方式以及呈现这些细节的连贯性，也正在成为与精神病理学相关的重要因素。自传体记忆的时间特异性可能很重要，但其他记忆结构值得在研究和理论中得到进一步关注，尤其是考虑到这些结构之间的关联和依赖性。
更新日期：2022-09-30
中文翻译：
自传体记忆和精神病理学：记忆的特异性是否像我们说的那么重要？
几十年的研究已经确定自传体记忆特异性降低或过度记忆是与一系列精神病学诊断的风险和维持相关的重要认知因素。在测量这个结构时，实验者根据单个时间细节的存在或不存在对自传记忆进行编码，该时间细节表明记忆中的事件发生在一个特定的日子（上周四我和儿子骑自行车时），或多天（当我和儿子一起骑自行车时）。研究表明，记忆的特异性和它们包含的其他情节细节的数量（例如，谁、什么和在哪里）是相关的，并且可能依赖于相同的神经过程来引发它们的提取。然而，特异性和详细性尽管如此，它们仍然是可分离的结构：与当前和未来的抑郁症状以及其他相关的人际（例如，反刍）和人际（例如，社会支持）结果不完全相关和差异相关。我们的记忆细节与叙事主题（即代理、交流、身份）相一致的方式以及呈现这些细节的连贯性，也正在成为与精神病理学相关的重要因素。自传体记忆的时间特异性可能很重要，但其他记忆结构值得在研究和理论中得到进一步关注，尤其是考虑到这些结构之间的关联和依赖性。
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