用于盐水处理的不同两性离子两亲共聚物底物上硫酸钙的形成,ACS Applied Polymer Materials

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用于盐水处理的不同两性离子两亲共聚物底物上硫酸钙的形成
ACS Applied Polymer Materials ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 , DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01014
Meng Wang ₁ , Hoang Nguyen ₁ , Samuel J. Lounder ₂ , Ayse Asatekin ₂ , Debora F. Rodrigues ₁

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两性离子 (ZI) 聚合物是一类很有前途的防污防垢涂层材料。然而，它们的矿物结垢预防机制仍不清楚，这阻碍了 ZI 聚合物的应用。为了填补这一知识空白，我们研究了使用自由基聚合 (FRP) 由两性离子单体和疏水单体的不同组合合成的不同类型的 ZI 两亲共聚物 (ZAC) 的缩放机制。选定的 ZAC 包括聚（甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯-无规-磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯）（PTFEMA- r -SBMA，简称 PT:SBMA）、聚（甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯-无规-2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱）（PTFEMA- r-MPC，简称 PT:MPC)，聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-无规-磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯)(PMMA- r -SBMA，简称 PM:SBMA)，和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-无规-2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酸胆碱) (PMMA- r- MPC，缩写为 PM:MPC)。测试这些聚合物的涂层在具有不同饱和指数的模拟微咸水溶液中的硫酸钙（CaSO _{4 ）结垢，定义为实际溶解离子产物（}Q，即钙和硫酸根离子）的对数，通过溶解度常数归一化石膏 ( K _sp）。这些实验结果表明，在高饱和指数 (SI) 下，ZAC 涂层上的结垢沉积主要取决于表面能。因此，具有最低表面能的 PT:SBMA 涂层表现出更好的耐结垢性。在较低的 SI 下，ZAC 涂层的亲水性是主要因素。由于含有 MPC 的 ZAC 涂层具有更高的表面亲水性，与含有 SBMA 的 ZAC 相比，它们可能具有相对较慢的结垢离子吸附速率，因此不会显着富集 MPC 涂层表面附近的结垢离子，从而抑制非均相 CaSO ₄沉淀。结果表明，ZAC 涂层的选择应考虑进水化学，并着重于除有机污垢外，最佳地防止结垢。

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Calcium Sulfate Formation on Different Zwitterionic Amphiphilic Copolymer Substrates for Salt Water Treatment

Zwitterionic (ZI) polymers are a promising class of fouling-resistant and antiscaling coating materials. However, their mineral scaling prevention mechanism is still not well understood, which hampers the applications of ZI polymers. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the scaling mechanisms of different types of ZI amphiphilic copolymers (ZACs) synthesized from diverse combinations of zwitterion monomers and hydrophobic monomers using free-radical polymerization (FRP). The selected ZACs included poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate-random-sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PTFEMA-r-SBMA, shortened as PT:SBMA), poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate-random-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PTFEMA-r-MPC, shortened as PT:MPC), poly(methyl methacrylate-random-sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PMMA-r-SBMA, shortened as PM:SBMA), and poly(methyl methacrylate-random-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMMA-r-MPC, shortened as PM:MPC). Coatings of these polymers were tested for calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) scaling in simulated brackish water solutions with different saturation indices, defined as the logarithm of the actual dissolved ion product (Q, i.e., calcium and sulfate ions) normalized by the solubility constant of gypsum (K_sp). These experimental results indicated that at high saturation indices (SI), the scaling deposition on ZAC coatings mainly depended on the surface energy. Therefore, PT:SBMA coatings, which had the lowest surface energy, exhibited better-scaling resistance. At lower SI, the hydrophilicity of the ZAC coatings was the dominant factor. Since ZAC coatings containing MPC have higher surface hydrophilicity, they might have a relatively slower scale-forming ion adsorption rate compared to SBMA containing ZACs, thus not markedly enriching the scale-forming ion near MPC coating surfaces and hence inhibiting heterogeneous CaSO₄ precipitates. The results demonstrated that the selection of ZAC coatings should consider the feed water chemistry and focus on the optimal prevention of scaling in addition to organic fouling.

更新日期：2022-09-29

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