As a valuable biomass resource, a large number of Chinese medicine residue have not been effectively utilized and are often treated as garbage, which not only causes environmental pollution, but also leads to the waste of resources. Ganoderma lucidum is a common raw material of Chinese herbal medicine, its natural mycelium and tube structure is conducive to the formation the porous structure of carbon materials. In this paper, porous carbon materials with high specific surface area and high pore volume were prepared by high temperature carbonization in nitrogen atmosphere using Ganoderma lucidum residue as a raw material and KOH as an alkali activator. The morphology and pore structure of the prepared carbon materials were analyzed and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption method. When the mass ratio of carbon to alkali was 1:4 and the temperature was 800 °C, ultra-high specific surface area microporous carbon materials were obtained with specific surface area of 3425 m³ g⁻¹ and total pore volume of 1.74 cm³ g⁻¹. The prepared porous carbon material was assembled into hydrogen peroxide electrode and cholesteric oxide modified electrode, which showed good catalytic performance.