Terahertz (THz) wired communication, an emerging research hotspot, provides a novel perspective for building the next generation of THz communication systems with unprecedented advantages. Although THz wireless communication has developed rapidly and demonstrated strong application prospects, there remain many technical difficulties to overcome, particularly when used under realistic conditions, such as severe weather, non-line-of-sight communications, inside geometrically complex structures such as buildings, vessels, etc. Under such scenarios, THz wired communication is expected to supplement wireless communications to establish high-quality wire-assisted communication systems, assuming that high-quality THz waveguides and fibers can be fabricated. Herein, we review the recent developments in wired THz communications in short (up to 5 cm), medium (~ 5 cm–5 m), and long-range links (over ~ 5 m). Thus, for short-range communication links, we review the application of photonic crystal, effective-medium, and dielectric plastic waveguides. Then, we review the medium and long-range THz communication links where various types of plastic fibers and hybrid metalized fibers were used. Finally, we review progress in the fabrication of optical components for THz communication applications, including couplers, splitters, add-drop multiplexers, dispersion compensators, and frequency/polarization-division multiplexing devices.