Immersed boundary methods (IBMs) are versatile and efficient computational techniques to solve flow problems in complex geometric configurations that retain the simplicity and efficiency of Cartesian structured meshes. Although these methods became known in the 1970s and gained credibility only in the new millennium, they had already been conceived and implemented at the beginning of the 1960s, even if the early computers of those times did not allow researchers to exploit their potential. Nowadays IBMs are established numerical schemes employed for the solution of many complex problems in which fluid mechanics may account for only part of the multiphysics dynamics. Despite the indisputable advantages, these methods also have drawbacks, and each problem should be carefully analyzed before deciding which particular IBM implementation is most suitable and whether additional modeling is necessary. High–Reynolds number flows constitute one of the main limitations of IBMs owing to the resolution of thin wall shear layers, which cannot benefit from anisotropic grid refinement at the boundaries. To alleviate this weakness, researchers have developed IBM-compliant wall models and local grid refinement strategies, although in these cases possible pitfalls must also be considered.

中文翻译：

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浸没边界法：历史视角与未来展望


浸没边界法 （IBM） 是一种通用且高效的计算技术，用于解决复杂几何配置中的流动问题，同时保留了笛卡尔结构化网格的简单性和效率。尽管这些方法在 1970 年代才为人所知，并且直到新千年才获得可信度，但它们在 1960 年代初就已经被构思和实施，即使那个时代的早期计算机不允许研究人员开发它们的潜力。如今，IBM 是用于解决许多复杂问题的既定数值方案，其中流体力学可能只占多物理场动力学的一部分。尽管这些方法具有无可争辩的优点，但也有缺点，在决定哪种特定的 IBM 实现最合适以及是否需要额外的建模之前，应该仔细分析每个问题。由于薄壁剪切层的分辨率，高雷诺数流构成了 IBM 的主要限制之一，而薄壁剪切层无法从边界处的各向异性网格细化中受益。为了缓解这一弱点，研究人员开发了符合 IBM 标准的墙壁模型和局部网格优化策略，尽管在这些情况下还必须考虑可能的陷阱。