Chitosan/cellulose (CH/CE/GA) and chitosan/cellulose/graphene (CH/CE/G/GA) composites crosslinked via glutaraldehyde were used for the efficient adsorption of basic blue 41 (BB). FT-IR and ¹³C solid-state NMR spectroscopy confirmed the crosslinking reaction of chitosan via glutaraldehyde, whereas XRD and TGA analysis proved the interactions between chitosan, cellulose, and graphene in the composites. FE-SEM and AFM studies provided evidence for the changes in the morphological and topological properties of the composites due to crosslinking reactions. Introducing graphene into the composites improved the specific surface areas, which led to enhanced thermal stability, swelling ratio, and dye adsorption capacity. The BB adsorption ability of the prepared crosslinked composites was investigated based on contact time, initial BB concentration, pH, and temperature. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was better fitted to the adsorption data of the composites relative to the Freundlich isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better correlates the adsorption of BB onto the prepared composites. The maximum adsorption capacity of CH/CE/GA was calculated as 107.87 mg/g using the Langmuir isotherm model, achieving a relatively higher maximal adsorption value of 129.3 mg/g with the CH/CE/G/GA composite after introducing graphene. Furthermore, the prepared composites demonstrated efficient BB adsorption properties and could be offered as environmentally friendly, stable materials for dye removal in wastewater treatments.

通过戊二醛交联的壳聚糖/纤维素（CH / CE / GA）和壳聚糖/纤维素/石墨烯（CH / CE / G / GA）复合材料用于有效吸附碱性蓝41（BB）。FT-IR 和¹³C 固态 NMR 光谱证实了壳聚糖通过戊二醛的交联反应，而 XRD 和 TGA 分析证明了复合材料中壳聚糖、纤维素和石墨烯之间的相互作用。FE-SEM 和 AFM 研究为交联反应引起的复合材料形态和拓扑性质的变化提供了证据。将石墨烯引入复合材料可提高比表面积，从而提高热稳定性、溶胀率和染料吸附能力。基于接触时间、初始BB浓度、pH和温度研究了制备的交联复合材料的BB吸附能力。相对于 Freundlich 等温线模型，Langmuir 吸附等温线模型更适合复合材料的吸附数据。准二级动力学模型更好地关联了 BB 在制备的复合材料上的吸附。使用 Langmuir 等温线模型计算出 CH/CE/GA 的最大吸附量为 107.87 mg/g，在引入石墨烯后 CH/CE/G/GA 复合材料的最大吸附量达到了相对较高的 129.3 mg/g。此外，制备的复合材料表现出高效的BB吸附性能，可作为环保、稳定的材料用于废水处理中的染料去除。