在高性能锌金属电池的两个电极上设计一个自适应双电层,Energy & Environmental Science

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在高性能锌金属电池的两个电极上设计一个自适应双电层
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-23 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ee02687b
Yanqun Lv _{1,

2} , Ming Zhao ₁ , Yadong Du ₁ , Yu Kang ₁ , Ying Xiao ₁ , Shimou Chen ₁

Affiliation

两性离子液体 (ZIL) 含有共价结合的阳离子和阴离子部分，具有潜在的电化学应用。在这项研究中，我们在锌金属电池的正负极界面上构建了一个自适应双电层（EDL）。它是通过在电解液中添加 ZIL 添加剂实现的，在电场作用下，阳离子和阴离子部分可以选择性地聚集在电极表面，在 Zn 阳极上形成动态静电屏蔽层，在阴极上形成独特的贫水界面. 原位表征和电化学研究表明，ZIL的咪唑鎓阳离子和磺酸基团的π-π堆积可以适时形成电场驱动的自适应EDL，有利于Zn ^{2+的均匀化。}沉积并避免阴极材料的溶解。受益于该策略，Zn//Zn 电池实现了无枝晶电镀/剥离，与基础电解质相比，运行寿命（3500 小时）提高了 35 倍，并且在大电流下锌利用率高达 85%密度（10 mA cm ^-2，20 mA h cm ^-2）。此外，Zn//NaV ₃ O ₈ ·1.5H ₂ O全电池表现出超快充放电（20 A g ^-1 3000次循环，容量保持率88%，超高面积容量为3.38 mA h cm ^-2（540 次循环后保留率 91.15%），采用高质量负载阴极（10.16 mg cm ^-2）。

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Engineering a self-adaptive electric double layer on both electrodes for high-performance zinc metal batteries

Zwitterionic ionic liquids (ZIL) contain covalently bound cationic and anionic moieties with potential electrochemical applications. In this study, we construct a self-adaptive electric double layer (EDL) on the interfaces of the anode and cathode of zinc metal batteries. It is enabled by adding ZIL additives in the electrolyte, which can selectively gather on the electrode surface by the cationic and anionic moieties under the electric field, forming a dynamic electrostatic shielding layer on the Zn anode and a unique water-poor interface on the cathode. In situ characterization and electrochemical studies show that the π–π stacking of the imidazolium cation and sulfonic acid group of the ZIL can timely form a self-adaptive EDL driven by the electric field, which facilitates homogeneous Zn²⁺ deposition and circumvents the dissolution of the cathode material. Benefiting from the strategy, the Zn//Zn cell enables dendrite-free plating/stripping with a 35-fold enhancement in running lifetime (3500 h) compared to the base electrolyte, and a super-high Zn utilization of 85% at high current densities (10 mA cm⁻², 20 mA h cm⁻²). In addition, the Zn//NaV₃O₈·1.5H₂O full battery shows superfast charging/discharging (3000 cycles at 20 A g⁻¹, a capacity retention of 88% and exhibits an ultra-high-areal-capacity of 3.38 mA h cm⁻² (91.15% retention after 540 cycles) with a high-mass-loading cathode (10.16 mg cm⁻²).

更新日期：2022-09-23

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