Purpose of Review

To establish a link or causation between periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease requires studies that first establish an association or correlation between these two diseases, followed by in vitro, animal model, and human studies to identify possible underlying biological mechanisms, and finally assessing the benefits of periodontal therapy in general and targeted therapies against the microbiota and inflammatory responses in periodontitis. This review presents an update on the current correlation and biological mechanisms that link these two diseases, with special emphasis on the keystone periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and its key family of gingipain enzymes.

Recent Findings

Recent evidence for slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease through periodontal therapy in general, as well as focused therapies directed against Porphyromonas gingivalis and its gingipains, are presented.

Summary

These intervention studies, together with the recent association and biological mechanism studies, strengthen the evidence for a direct link or causation between these two diseases. In addition, these recent studies support the special role of the dental practitioner in the management of patients with cognitive decline.

中文翻译：

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牙周炎和阿尔茨海默病之间的联系：现实还是另一个关联

审查目的

要建立牙周炎和阿尔茨海默病之间的联系或因果关系，需要首先建立这两种疾病之间的关联或相关性，然后进行体外、动物模型和人体研究，以确定可能的潜在生物学机制，最后评估牙周病的益处。针对牙周炎中的微生物群和炎症反应的一般治疗和靶向治疗。本综述介绍了目前将这两种​​疾病联系起来的相关性和生物学机制的最新情况，特别强调了牙周病的关键病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌及其关键的牙龈蛋白酶家族。

最近的发现

介绍了通过一般牙周治疗减缓阿尔茨海默病进展的最新证据，以及针对牙龈卟啉单胞菌及其牙龈蛋白酶的集中治疗。

概括

这些干预研究，连同最近的关联和生物学机制研究，加强了这两种疾病之间直接联系或因果关系的证据。此外，这些最近的研究支持牙科医生在管理认知能力下降患者中的特殊作用。