Ammonia is essential for human activities because approximately 50% of global food production relies on ammonia-derived fertilizers. Great efforts have been devoted to develop a green and sustainable ammonia synthesis route powered by renewable energy under ambient conditions to replace the carbon-intensive and highly energy-consuming Haber-Bosch process. Here, we summarize recent advances and challenges in three electrochemical ammonia synthesis approaches: lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction, electroreduction of nitrate, and NO_x reduction. This review offers insight into reaction mechanisms and strategies to improve the activity, selectivity, and durability of the electrochemical ammonia synthesis processes as well as perspectives regarding future industrial applications.

氨对人类活动至关重要，因为全球约 50% 的粮食生产依赖于氨衍生的肥料。致力于在环境条件下开发以可再生能源为动力的绿色可持续氨合成路线，以取代碳密集且高耗能的哈伯-博世工艺。在这里，我们总结了三种电化学氨合成方法的最新进展和挑战：锂介导的氮还原反应、硝酸盐的电还原和 NO _x还原。本综述提供了对提高电化学氨合成过程的活性、选择性和耐久性的反应机制和策略的见解，以及对未来工业应用的展望。