Treatment of landfill leachate and recovery of recycled water in photothermal activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) process using iron nanoparticles/MXene-coated polyurethane sponge module (Fe NPs/MXene@PU) were investigated from lab to pilot scale for the first time. In the module preparation process, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and iron oxides were in situ generated on Ti₃C₂ MXene surface. Fe NPs/MXene@PU module reached the 147.7 °C interfacial temperature due to the synergistic effect of MXene and in-situ generated Fe NPs. Sulfate radical (SO₄^•-) and hydroxyl radical (HO^•) were generated in photothermal activation of PDS process. Under optimized reaction conditions, almost complete removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^–), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total phosphorus (TP) of landfill leachate was achieved after about 40 d pilot-scale experiment in the open air. The recycled water collected by natural condensation was also purified, which contained ultralow concentrations of COD, NH₃-N, NO₃^–, TP and heavy metals and met the discharge limits of various countries. This study provides an eco-friendly and energy-efficient technology for treatment of landfill leachate and recovery of recycled water.

首次从实验室到中试规模研究了使用铁纳米粒子/MXene 涂层聚氨酯海绵模块（Fe NPs/MXene@PU）光热活化过硫酸盐（PDS）工艺中垃圾渗滤液的处理和循环水的回收。在模块制备过程中，纳米级零价铁（NZVI）和氧化铁在Ti ₃ C ₂ MXene表面原位生成。由于 MXene 和原位生成的 Fe NPs 的协同作用，Fe NPs/MXene@PU 模块的界面温度达到了 147.7 °C。硫酸根 (SO ₄ ^•- ) 和羟基 (HO ^•) 是在 PDS 过程的光热活化中产生的。在优化的反应条件下，中试约40 d后，几乎完全去除了垃圾渗滤液的化学需氧量（COD）、硝态氮（NO ₃ ^-）、氨氮（NH ₃ -N）和总磷（TP）。在露天进行实验。自然冷凝回收的循环水也经过净化处理，COD、NH ₃ -N、NO ₃ ^-、TP和重金属超低浓度，达到各国排放限值。本研究为垃圾渗滤液的处理和再生水的回收提供了一种环保节能的技术。