The brown-rot fungi play an important role in forest ecosystems; they can degrade celluloses and hemicelluloses of wood and maintain nutrient cycling. Some of the brown-rot fungi also have important economic value as medicinal or edible mushrooms. Recent studies showed that the ability to produce brown rot has evolved independently at least five times. Nevertheless, the Polyporales contains the vast majority of the species of the brown-rot fungi. In this study, the classification system of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales is revised. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are analysed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). The study showed that the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales formed fourteen lineages, which are assigned at family level, including four new families: Auriporiaceae, Piptoporellaceae, Postiaceae, Taiwanofungaceae, and ten existing families: Adustoporiaceae, Dacryobolaceae, Fibroporiaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Laetiporaceae, Laricifomitaceae, Phaeolaceae, Pycnoporellaceae, Sarcoporiaceae, and Sparassidaceae. Meanwhile, eleven new genera, viz., Austroporia, Aurantipostia, Austropostia, Daedalella, Nothofagiporus, Pseudoantrodia, Pseudofomitopsis, Rhodoantrodia, Tenuipostia, Wolfiporiella and Wolfiporiopsis are proposed; eighteen new species, viz., Amyloporia nivea, Antrodia subheteromorpha, Aurantipostia macrospora, Austropostia hirsuta, A. plumbea, A. subpunctata, Cystidiopostia subhibernica, Daedalella micropora, Fuscopostia subfragilis, Lentoporia subcarbonica, Melanoporia tropica, Neolentiporus tropicus, Phaeolus fragilis, Postia crassicontexta, Pseudoantrodia monomitica, Pseudofomitopsis microcarpa, Resinoporia luteola and Rhodonia subrancida are described; and twelve new combinations, viz., Austroporia stratosa, Austropostia brunnea, A. pelliculosa, A. punctata, Nothofagiporus venatus, Rhodoantrodia tropica, R. yunnanensis, Tenuipostia dissecta, Wolfiporiella cartilaginea, W. curvispora, W. dilatohypha and Wolfiporiopsis castanopsidis, are proposed. Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. Notes on the genera of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are provided.

褐腐真菌在森林生态系统中发挥着重要作用；它们可以降解木材的纤维素和半纤维素并维持养分循环。一些褐腐真菌还具有作为药用或食用蘑菇的重要经济价值。最近的研究表明，产生褐腐病的能力已经独立进化了至少五次。然而，多孔菌目包含绝大多数褐腐真菌物种。在本研究中，对多孔菌目内褐腐真菌的分类系统进行了修订。此外，根据内转录间隔区（ITS）、大亚基核糖体RNA基因（nLSU）、小亚基核糖体RNA基因等多个位点的DNA序列，分析了多孔菌目内褐腐真菌的系统发育关系。 (nSSU)、小亚基线粒体rRNA基因序列(mtSSU)、翻译延伸因子1-α基因(TEF1)、RNA聚合酶II最大亚基(RPB1)和RNA聚合酶II第二亚基(RPB2)。研究表明，多孔菌目内的褐腐真菌形成了14个谱系，并在科水平上进行了划分，其中包括4个新科：Auriporiaceae、Piptoporellaceae、Postiaceae、Taiwanofungaceae，以及10个现有科：Adustoporiaceae、Dacryobolaceae、Fibroporiaceae、Fomitopsidaceae、Laetiporaceae 、落叶松科、褐藻科、密孔菌科、肉孔菌科和绣球菌科。与此同时，十一个新属，即。, 提出了Austroporia 、 Aurantipostia 、 Austropostia 、 Daedalella 、 Nothofagiporus 、 Pseudoantrodia 、 Pseudoofomitopsis 、 Rhodoantrodia 、 Tenuipostia 、 Wolfiporiella和Wolfiporiopsis ；十八个新种，即Amyloporia nivea 、 Antrodia subheteromorpha 、 Aurantipostia macrospora 、 Austropostia hirsuta 、 A. plumbea 、 A. subpunctata 、 Cystidiopostia subhibernica 、 Daedalella micropora 、 Fuscopostia subfragilis 、 Letoporia subcarbonica 、 Melanoporia tropica 、 Neolentiporus热带线虫,脆弱褐斑线虫,粗海龙线虫、 描述了Pseudoantrodia monomitica 、 Pseudoofomitopsis microcarpa 、 Resinoporia uteola和Rhodonia subrancida ；和十二个新组合，即Austroporia stratosa 、 Austropostia brunnea 、 A. pelliculosa 、 A. punctata 、 Nothofagiporus venatus 、 Rhodoantrodia tropica 、 R. yunnanensis 、 Tenuipostia dissecta 、 Wolfiporiella cartilaginea 、 W. curvispora 、 W. dilatohypha和Wolfiporiopsis castanopsidis ，是建议的。提供了新物种的图解描述。提供了多孔菌目内褐腐真菌属的注释。