The reliance on natural resources has gained extra attention from researchers and scientists due to population awareness, greenhouse depletion, and oil reserve depletion. The development of sustainable and renewable materials from biomass residues is promising biomaterials to substitute synthetic and plastic littering. The abundant availability of coconut shell and husk residues is having great potential for fiber/filler sources to develop biocomposites for structural and industrial applications. In this present study, five different types of biocomposite samples (CRS-0.0, CRS-2.5, CRS-5.0, CRS-7.5, and CRS-10.0) have been fabricated at a 30% constant weight fraction of coconut fiber with bio-epoxy matrix and varying the coconut particles weight faction by 2.5% and characterized their structural, physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior. The results examined that the inclusion of coconut particles improved the overall mechanical performance of the biocomposites and observed CRC-5.0 biocomposites have superior tensile strength (32.58%), and flexural strength (35.45%), and surface hardness (23.61%) compared to CRC-0.0 biocomposites. The impact strength, fracture toughness, and fracture energy are higher for CRC-2.5 biocomposites. CRC-5.0 biocomposites analyzed better thermal stability with a maximum degradation temperature of 358 °C and 24% char residue of coconut biomass at 800 °C. The surface morphology has been also analyzed to examine the fracture/failure behavior of biocomposites. Finally, the samples have been submerged in water, NaOH, and NaCl solution to examine the water uptake and corrosion behavior of developed biocomposites. Therefore, the development of bio-based product by utilizing agro/food waste has great potential and has the capabilities to replace conventional materials for various industrial applications.