The rising prices of petroleum-based chemicals and the growing apprehension about food safety and dairy supplements have reignited interest in fermentation process to produce fumaric acid. This article reviews the main issues associated with industrial production of fumaric acid. Different approaches such as strain modulation, morphological control, selection of substrate and fermentative separation have been addressed and discussed followed by their potential towards production of fumaric acid at industrial scale is highlighted. The employment of biodegradable wastes as substrates for the microorganisms involved in fumaric acid synthesis has opened an economic and green route for production of the later on a commercial scale. Additionally, the commercial potential and technological approaches to the augmented fumaric acid derivatives have been discussed. Conclusion of the current review reveals future possibilities for microbial fumaric acid synthesis.

中文翻译：

---

富马酸：发酵生产、应用和未来展望

石油基化学品的价格上涨以及对食品安全和乳制品补充剂的日益担忧重新激发了人们对发酵工艺生产富马酸的兴趣。本文回顾了与工业生产富马酸相关的主要问题。已经解决和讨论了不同的方法，例如菌株调节、形态控制、底物选择和发酵分离，然后强调了它们在工业规模生产富马酸方面的潜力。使用可生物降解的废物作为参与富马酸合成的微生物的底物，为后者的商业规模生产开辟了一条经济和绿色的途径。此外，已经讨论了增强型富马酸衍生物的商业潜力和技术途径。本综述的结论揭示了微生物富马酸合成的未来可能性。