Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation tool currently used as a treatment in multiple psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Despite its widespread use, we have an incomplete understanding of the way in which acute and chronic sessions of TMS affect various neural and vascular systems. This systematic review summarizes the state of our knowledge regarding the effects TMS may be having on cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter release. Forty-five studies were identified. Several key themes emerged: 1) TMS transiently increases cerebral blood flow in the area under the coil; 2) TMS to the prefrontal cortex increases glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with depression; and 3) TMS to the motor cortex and prefrontal cortex decreases dopamine receptor availability in the ipsilateral putamen and caudate respectively. There is, however, a paucity of literature regarding the effects TMS may have on other neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems of interest, all of which may shed vital light on existing biologic mechanisms and future therapeutic development.

中文翻译：

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通过经颅磁刺激改变脑血流量、葡萄糖代谢和多巴胺结合：经颅磁刺激正电子发射断层扫描文献的系统回顾

经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种无创神经调节工具，目前用于治疗多种精神和神经系统疾病。尽管它被广泛使用，但我们对急性和慢性 TMS 影响各种神经和血管系统的方式还不完全了解。本系统综述总结了我们关于 TMS 对脑血流、葡萄糖代谢和神经递质释放可能产生的影响的知识状况。确定了四十五项研究。出现了几个关键主题：1）TMS 短暂地增加了线圈下方区域的脑血流量；2）TMS作用于前额皮质，增加抑郁症患者前扣带皮层的葡萄糖代谢；3) 对运动皮层和前额叶皮层的 TMS 分别降低同侧壳核和尾状核中多巴胺受体的可用性。然而，关于 TMS 可能对其他感兴趣的神经递质和神经肽系统产生的影响的文献很少，所有这些都可能为现有的生物学机制和未来的治疗发展提供重要的启示。