黑水虻幼虫血细胞的形态功能特征,Insect Science

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黑水虻幼虫血细胞的形态功能特征
Insect Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 , DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13111
Daniele Bruno ₁ , Aurora Montali ₁ , Marzia Gariboldi ₁ , Anna Katarzyna Wrońska ₂ , Agata Kaczmarek ₂ , Amr Mohamed ₃ , Ling Tian ₄ , Morena Casartelli _{5,

6} , Gianluca Tettamanti _{1,

6}

Affiliation

在昆虫中，细胞介导的免疫反应涉及血细胞在吞噬作用、结节和包膜中的积极作用。尽管这些过程已在属于不同昆虫目的多个物种中得到充分记录，但有关免疫反应的信息，特别是黑水虻Hermetia illucens中的血细胞类型及其特定功能，仍然有限。考虑到H. illucens幼虫在废物管理策略中的高度经济相关性，并考虑到这种双翅目物种的腐食性摄食习惯可能塑造了其免疫系统以有效应对感染，这是一个严重的知识空白。本研究代表了黑水虻血细胞的首次详细表征，并为这种昆虫的细胞介导的免疫反应提供了新的见解。特别是，除了原血细胞之外，我们还鉴定了在幼虫中引起免疫反应的五种血细胞类型，并分析了它们响应细菌感染和色谱珠注射的行为、作用和形态功能变化。我们的结果表明，黑水虻幼虫中的循环吞噬细胞是浆细胞。这些细胞还参与粒细胞和层状细胞样细胞的结节和包封，形成结节/包膜形成的起始核心，以分别从血淋巴中去除/包封大的细菌聚集体/病原体。这些过程得到了晶体细胞释放黑色素前体的支持，并且可能通过调动新循环的脂肪血细胞中的营养储备来支持，从而在免疫反应期间为其他血细胞提供营养支持。最后，研究了类花生酸对细胞介导的免疫反应的调节。

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Morphofunctional characterization of hemocytes in black soldier fly larvae

In insects, the cell-mediated immune response involves an active role of hemocytes in phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation. Although these processes have been well documented in multiple species belonging to different insect orders, information concerning the immune response, particularly the hemocyte types and their specific function in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens, is still limited. This is a serious gap in knowledge given the high economic relevance of H. illucens larvae in waste management strategies and considering that the saprophagous feeding habits of this dipteran species have likely shaped its immune system to efficiently respond to infections. The present study represents the first detailed characterization of black soldier fly hemocytes and provides new insights into the cell-mediated immune response of this insect. In particular, in addition to prohemocytes, we identified five hemocyte types that mount the immune response in the larva, and analyzed their behavior, role, and morphofunctional changes in response to bacterial infection and injection of chromatographic beads. Our results demonstrate that the circulating phagocytes in black soldier fly larvae are plasmatocytes. These cells also take part in nodulation and encapsulation with granulocytes and lamellocyte-like cells, developing a starting core for nodule/capsule formation to remove/encapsulate large bacterial aggregates/pathogens from the hemolymph, respectively. These processes are supported by the release of melanin precursors from crystal cells and likely by mobilizing nutrient reserves in newly circulating adipohemocytes, which could thus trophically support other hemocytes during the immune response. Finally, the regulation of the cell-mediated immune response by eicosanoids was investigated.

更新日期：2022-09-05

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