Saline mariculture wastewater containing multi-antibiotics poses a challenge to anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. Herein, the halophilic marine anammox bacteria (MAB)-based microbiome was used for treating mariculture wastewater (35‰ salinity) under multi-antibiotics (enrofloxacin + oxytetracycline + sulfamethoxazole, EOS) stress. And the main focus of this study lies in the response of MAB-based microbiome against multi-antibiotics stress. It is found that MAB-based microbiome shows stable community structure and contributes high nitrogen removal efficiency (>90%) even under high stress of EOS (up to 4 mg·L⁻¹). The relative abundance of main functional genus Candidatus Scalindua, responsible for anammox, had little change while controlling the influent EOS concentration within 4 mg·L⁻¹, whereas, significantly decreased to 2.23% at EOS concentration of as high as 24 mg·L⁻¹. As an alternative, antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) species Rheinheimera dominated the microbial community of MAB-based biological reactor under extremely high EOS stress (e.g. 24 mg·L⁻¹ in influent). The response mechanism of MAB-based microbiome consists of extracellular and intracellular defenses with dependence of EOS concentration. For example, while EOS within 4 mg·L⁻¹ in this study, most of the antibiotics were retained by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) via adsorption; If increasing the EOS concentration to 8 and even 24 mg·L⁻¹, part of antibiotics could intrude into the cells and cause the intracellular accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (total abundance up to 2.44 × 10⁻¹ copies/16S rRNA) for EOS response. These new understandings will facilitate the practical implementation of MAB-based bioprocess for saline nitrogen- and antibiotics-laden wastewater treatment.

含多种抗生素的海水养殖废水对厌氧氨氧化（anammox）工艺提出了挑战。在此，基于嗜盐海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌（MAB）的微生物组被用于处理多抗生素（恩诺沙星+土霉素+磺胺甲恶唑，EOS）胁迫下的海水养殖废水（35‰盐度）。本研究的主要重点在于基于 MAB 的微生物组对多种抗生素应激的反应。^{发现基于 MAB 的微生物组显示出稳定的群落结构，即使在 EOS 的高应力（高达 4 mg·L -1} ）下也具有较高的脱氮效率（>90% ）。主要功能属候选者的相对丰度负责厌氧氨氧化的 Scalindua 在控制进水 EOS 浓度在 4 mg·L ^-1内几乎没有变化，而在 EOS 浓度高达 24 mg·L ^-1时显着下降至 2.23% 。作为替代方案，抗生素抗性细菌(ARB) 物种Rheinheimera在极高的EOS 压力下（例如，进水24 mg·L ^{-1 ）在基于MAB 的生物反应器的微生物群落中占主导地位。}基于 MAB 的微生物组的反应机制包括依赖 EOS 浓度的细胞外和细胞内防御。例如，EOS 在 4 mg·L ^-1以内在这项研究中，大多数抗生素通过吸附被细胞外聚合物（EPS）保留；如果将 EOS 浓度提高到 8 甚至 24 mg·L ^-1，部分抗生素可能侵入细胞并导致抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在细胞内积累（总丰度高达 2.44 × 10 ^-1拷贝/16S rRNA ) 用于 EOS 响应。这些新的认识将促进基于 MAB 的生物工艺的实际实施，用于处理含盐氮和抗生素的废水。