基于降冰片种子油和生物质填料的环氧化物的可持续热固性材料和复合材料,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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基于降冰片种子油和生物质填料的环氧化物的可持续热固性材料和复合材料
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03434
Jomin Thomas ₁ , Robert F. Bouscher ₁ , Joseph Nwosu ₁ , Mark D. Soucek ₁

Affiliation

热固性材料和复合材料由降冰片烷种子油（亚麻油、大豆油、高油酸大豆油和未改性种子油）的环氧化物制成。使用阳离子引发剂固化环氧化物以模塑热固性材料。通过动态扫描量热法表征热固性材料的固化行为和Tg ，通过_索氏萃取法表征交联效率，并通过热重分析 (TGA) 表征热稳定性。降冰片基化的种子油的空间位阻对环氧化程度具有干扰作用。然而，降冰片烯部分较高的环应变能在环氧化物固化中起关键作用，导致较高的T _g交联效率更高的热固性材料。对Tg最佳平衡最高的环氧化物_体系、交联效率和热稳定性，添加了木质纤维素高粱衍生的生物质填料。添加生物质填料增加了生物基含量并降低了复合材料的成本和重量。此外，烘焙和碳化的高粱填料变体用于研究热处理程度对固化和最终热固性性能的影响。通过 TGA、IR、元素分析和固态 NMR 对填料进行了表征。玻璃纤维增强复合材料采用最佳配方成型。使用万能试验机 (UTM)、冲击试验机和 TGA 研究了新型混合生物复合材料的机械和热性能。与未填充的环氧树脂体系相比，高粱填充的热固性材料和复合材料都显示出增强的热机械性能。碳化高粱填料复合材料表现出最高的机械性能和热稳定性。发现元素差异和生物质前体差异，如纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量对复合材料性能起着关键作用。SEM 图像显示生物质填充复合材料中的聚合物基体、填料和纤维相之间具有良好的界面粘附性。因此，制造的复合材料展示了用作可持续、绿色和轻质复合材料的潜力。SEM 图像显示生物质填充复合材料中的聚合物基体、填料和纤维相之间具有良好的界面粘附性。因此，制造的复合材料展示了用作可持续、绿色和轻质复合材料的潜力。SEM 图像显示生物质填充复合材料中的聚合物基体、填料和纤维相之间具有良好的界面粘附性。因此，制造的复合材料展示了用作可持续、绿色和轻质复合材料的潜力。

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Sustainable Thermosets and Composites Based on the Epoxides of Norbornylized Seed Oils and Biomass Fillers

Thermosets and composites were fabricated from the epoxides of norbornane seed oils (linseed oil, soybean oil, high-oleic soybean oil, and non-modified seed oils). The epoxides were cured using a cationic initiator to mold thermosets. Thermosets were characterized for their curing behavior and T_g by dynamic scanning calorimetry, crosslinking efficiency by Soxhlet extraction, and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Steric hindrance of the norbornylized seed oils had a perturbing effect on the extent of epoxidation. However, the higher ring strain energy of the norbornene moieties played a key role in epoxide curing, resulting in higher T_g thermosets with higher crosslinking efficiency. To the epoxide system with the highest optimum balance of T_g, crosslinking efficiency, and thermal stability, lignocellulosic sorghum-derived biomass fillers were added. The addition of biomass fillers increased the bio-based content and reduced the cost and weight of the composites. Further, torrefied and carbonized sorghum filler variants were used to study the effect of the extent of thermal treatment on curing and on the final thermoset properties. Fillers were characterized by TGA, IR, elemental analysis, and solid-state NMR. Glass fiber-reinforced composites were molded using the optimum formulation. The mechanical and thermal properties of the novel hybrid biocomposites were investigated using universal testing machine (UTM), impact tester, and TGA. Both the sorghum-filled thermosets and composites showed enhanced thermomechanical property as compared to the non-filled epoxy systems. Carbonized sorghum filler composites exhibited the highest mechanical properties and thermal stability. Elemental differences and biomass precursor differences such as the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content were found to play a critical role toward the composite properties. The SEM images showed good interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix, fillers, and fiber phase in the biomass-filled composites. Thus, the fabricated composites demonstrate the potential for being used as sustainable, greener, and lightweight composites.

更新日期：2022-09-02

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