As a mature technology in carbon capture process, amine scrubbing technology has many advantages such as fast absorption rate, high carbon dioxide (CO₂) selectivity, high CO₂ absorption, excellent absorption effect and regeneration, but it also has many problems such as high energy consumption for regeneration, corrosion of carbon steel, easy degradation, carcinogenic and some environmental risks that limit its commercial use. Therefore, it is important to screen the amines in the absorption process of different gas mixtures by amine washing technology in specific environments. In this paper, we systematically review the current development of amine scrubbing technology for carbon capture in terms of amine structure, reaction mechanism, operation procedure, problems and its application status. The structures and reaction mechanisms of different types of amines are explained and classified in detail to provide guidance for the subsequent screening of monoamine and mixed amines technologies. In addition, the possible problems in the process of gas absorption and its application scenarios are explained and the corresponding research ideas and suggestions are presented. Finally, we also propose specific directions for future research on amine scrubbing technology to provide guidance for the continued promotion of processes that can effectively perform carbon capture.