原位 TEM 观察 Sm 掺杂 PMN-PT 基质中 PbO 纳米粒子的生长机制,Nanoscale

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原位 TEM 观察 Sm 掺杂 PMN-PT 基质中 PbO 纳米粒子的生长机制
Nanoscale ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03809a
Shuang Zhang ₁ , Xue Tian ₁ , Ying Zheng ₁ , Yongcheng Zhang ₁ , Wanneng Ye ₁

Affiliation

通常在原材料中添加过量的 PbO，以补偿 (1 - x )Pb(Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ - x PbTiO ₃ (PMN-PT) 压电材料在高温烧结过程中 PbO 的挥发. 然而，由于在烧结过程中过量的 PbO，液相和固相 PbO 的详细生长机制仍然未知。在这里，在 Sm 掺杂的 0.70PMN-0.30PT (Sm-PMN-PT) 基质中 PbO 纳米粒子的演化行为和生长机制是原位的在电子束照射的帮助下使用透射电子显微镜观察。发现 PbO 纳米液滴首先从 Sm-PMN-PT 基质中分离出来，导致新形成的 PbO 纳米液滴快速生长。然后，这些纳米液滴结合成固相 PbO 纳米颗粒，其尺寸增加。之后，小的固相纳米颗粒通过快速吞没相邻的纳米液滴和纳米颗粒或通过匹配相邻纳米颗粒的这些相同晶面而缓慢合并，进一步成长为大的 PbO 纳米颗粒。最后，在形成的大 PbO 纳米颗粒和 Sm-PMN-PT 基质之间形成异质结。我们的研究表明，过量的 PbO 可以在 Sm-PMN-PT 的界面处提供液体环境，并且形成的 PbO 纳米颗粒充当 Sm-PMN-PT 基体晶界处的第二相。这项工作深入了解了过量 PbO 在铅基压电材料合成中的作用。

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In situ TEM observations of growth mechanisms of PbO nanoparticles from a Sm-doped PMN-PT matrix

An excess PbO is usually added to raw materials to compensate for PbO volatilization during high-temperature sintering of a (1 − x)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) piezoelectric material. However, the detailed growth mechanism of liquid phase and solid phase PbO due to excess PbO during the sintering process is still unknown. Here, the evolution behavior and growth mechanism of PbO nanoparticles from a Sm-doped 0.70PMN-0.30PT (Sm-PMN-PT) matrix were in situ observed using transmission electron microscopy with the help of electron beam irradiation. It was found that PbO nanodroplets firstly separated from the Sm-PMN-PT matrix, leading to rapid growth of newly formed PbO nanodroplets. Then, these nanodroplets coalesced into solid phase PbO nanoparticles with their size increased. After that, small solid phase nanoparticles further grew into large PbO nanoparticles by either rapidly engulfing adjacent nanodroplets and nanoparticles or slowly merging by matching these same crystal planes of adjacent nanoparticles. Finally, a heterojunction was formed between the formed large PbO nanoparticles and Sm-PMN-PT matrix. Our investigations demonstrate that the excess PbO could provide a liquid environment at the interface of Sm-PMN-PT, and the PbO nanoparticles formed act as the secondary phase at the grain boundaries of the Sm-PMN-PT matrix. This work provides a deep understanding of the role of excess PbO in the synthesis of lead-based piezoelectric materials.

更新日期：2022-09-01

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