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Synthesis of carbinoxamine via α-C(sp3)–H 2-pyridylation of O, S or N-containing compounds enabled by non-D–A-type super organoreductants and sulfoxide- or sulfide HAT reagents
Chemical Science ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 , DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03504a
Xian-Chao Cui 1 , Hu Zhang 1 , Yi-Ping Wang 1 , Jian-Ping Qu 2 , Yan-Biao Kang 1
Affiliation  

The radical cations of tertiary amines (R3N) have been well-established as the precursors of HAT reagents in photochemical transformations. Similarly, thiols and thioacids bearing SH groups have also been widely applied as HAT reagents. Despite the fact that sulfoxides (R2SO) and sulfides (RSR) also bear lone pairs of electrons, these compounds have been barely reported as HAT reagents in photocatalysis. On the other hand, the α-C–H 4-pyridylation of O or N-containing compounds has been documented, whereas 2-pyridylation remains challenging. However, the antihistamine and anticholinergic agent carbinoxamine is an ether bearing 2-pyridyl, which has not been obtained by the existing α-photoarylation of ether. In this work, we report the discovery of a non-donor–acceptor (D–A) type organic photoreductant CBZ6 and sulfoxide/sulfide synergistically catalyzed general α-C(sp3)–H arylation of ethers, thioethers and amines. By using as low as 1 mol% of CBZ6 as a recyclable organic photoreductant and sulfoxides or sulfides as a new type of HAT reagent, the 2- or 4-pyridylation of O, N, or S-containing compounds has been accomplished. This is the first base-free version of α-C–H 2-/4-pyridylation of O, N, or S-containing compounds. It is the first example of sulfoxides or sulfides working as HAT reagents. It is also the first general method for photocatalytic HAT 2-pyridylation of various ethers, amines or thioethers.

中文翻译:

由非 D-A 型超级有机还原剂和亚砜或硫化物 HAT 试剂实现的含 O、S 或 N 化合物的 α-C(sp3)-H 2-吡啶基化合成羧甲胺

叔胺 (R 3 N) 的自由基阳离子已被公认为 HAT 试剂在光化学转化中的前体。同样,带有 SH 基团的硫醇和硫代酸也被广泛用作 HAT 试剂。尽管亚砜(R 2SO) 和硫化物 (RSR) 也带有孤对电子,这些化合物几乎没有被报道为光催化中的 HAT 试剂。另一方面,已经记录了含 O 或 N 化合物的 α-C-H 4-吡啶基化,而 2-吡啶基化仍然具有挑战性。然而,抗组胺药和抗胆碱药羧甲胺是一种带有2-吡啶基的醚,目前还没有通过醚的α-光芳基化得到。在这项工作中,我们报告了非供体-受体 (D-A) 型有机光还原剂 CBZ6和亚砜/硫化物协同催化醚、硫醚和胺的一般 α-C(sp 3 )-H 芳基化的发现。通过使用低至 1 mol% 的CBZ6作为可回收的有机光还原剂和作为新型HAT试剂的亚砜或硫化物,已经完成了含O、N或S的化合物的2-或4-吡啶基化。这是含 O、N 或 S 化合物的 α-C–H 2-/4-吡啶基化的第一个无碱基版本。这是亚砜或硫化物作为 HAT 试剂的第一个例子。它也是第一个将各种醚、胺或硫醚光催化 HAT 2-吡啶化的通用方法。
更新日期:2022-09-01
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