Myopia is one of the most common forms of refractive eye disease and considered as a worldwide pandemic experienced by half of the global population by 2050. During the past several decades, myopia has become a leading cause of visual impairment, whereas several factors are believed to be associated with its occurrence and development. In terms of environmental factors, air pollution has gained more attention in recent years, as exposure to ambient air pollution seems to increase peripheral hyperopia defocus, affect the dopamine pathways, and cause retinal ischemia. In this review, we highlight epidemiological evidence and potential biological mechanisms that may link exposure to air pollutants to myopia. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms is a key for establishing and implementing targeting strategies. Regulatory efforts to control air pollution through effective policies and limit individual exposure to preventable risks are required in reducing this global public health burden.

近视是最常见的屈光性眼病之一，到 2050 年，全球一半人口都会经历这种全球性流行病。在过去的几十年中，近视已成为视力障碍的主要原因，而据信有几个因素会导致与其发生和发展有关。在环境因素方面，空气污染近年来越来越受到关注，因为暴露于环境空气污染似乎会增加周边远视散焦，影响多巴胺通路，并导致视网膜缺血。在这篇综述中，我们强调了可能将暴露于空气污染物与近视联系起来的流行病学证据和潜在的生物学机制。对这些机制的透彻理解是建立和实施目标策略的关键。