5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole (5AT), as a novel energetic material, has been widely applied in propellant, airbags, and fire extinguisher areas due to its excellent combustion properties. However, suboptimal combustion performance limits its extensive application. Thermal behaviors investigation could provide guidance on the control of combustion performance, which can be effectively optimized by adding catalysts. Therefore, exploring the thermal decomposition behaviors of 5AT is more beneficial to its combustion performance optimization, management and applications. Traditional catalysts for 5AT, such as coolants (CaCO3), hydrohalide salts (HCl), and guanidine (CH4N4O2) are easy to release harmful gas to destroy the environment when they catalyze the pyrolysis and combustion process. Moreover, different catalysts can play various catalytic mechanism. Therefore, a highly effective catalysts that are not easy to be occurred for pyrolysis on their own are required. In this study, three kinds of catalysts (acid oxide (SiO2), alkaline oxide (PbO), amphoteric oxide (MnO2)) are mixed with 5AT by means of ball milling, which is for the purpose of investigating the effect of multi-type oxides on the catalytic pyrolysis behaviors about 5AT. The TG test is conducted to analyze the thermal behaviors and the isoconversion method (Advanced Vyazovkin) is applied to evaluate the thermal activation energy ranging from 100 ∼ 300 ℃. The results reveal that the catalyst PbO embodies the best catalytic effect. The Criado method is employed to determine the pyrolysis model. The results indicates that the pyrolysis model is not governed by a specific model but all followed by Fn model when the conversion is below 0.5 while the model is mainly charged by F3/2 model when the conversion is over 0.5 with the addition of catalysts. Moreover, the TG-FTIR technology is also employed to capture the evolved gas products and further to infer the most likely pyrolysis route of 5AT. The conclusions in this study will provide a theoretical support for the storage, transportation, application, management, combustion investigation and the computer simulation of 5AT-based solid propellant.

中文翻译：

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多类型氧化物对 5-氨基-1H-四唑催化热解行为的影响


5-氨基-1H-四唑 （5AT） 作为一种新型含能材料，由于其优异的燃烧性能，已广泛应用于推进剂、安全气囊和灭火器领域。然而，次优的燃烧性能限制了其广泛的应用。热行为研究可以为燃烧性能的控制提供指导，可以通过添加催化剂来有效优化。因此，探索 5AT 的热分解行为更有利于其燃烧性能的优化、管理和应用。传统的 5AT 催化剂，如冷却剂 （CaCO3）、氢卤化物盐 （HCl） 和胍 （CH4N4O2），在催化热解和燃烧过程中容易释放有害气体破坏环境。而且，不同的催化剂可以起到不同的催化机制。因此，需要一种不易发生热解的高效催化剂。本研究采用球磨法将三种催化剂（酸性氧化物 （SiO2）、碱性氧化物 （PbO）、两性氧化物 （MnO2））与 5AT 混合，旨在研究多类型氧化物对 5AT 催化热解行为的影响。进行 TG 测试以分析热行为，并应用等转换方法 （Advanced Vyazovkin） 评估 100 ∼ 300 °C 范围内的热活化能。结果表明，催化剂 PbO 体现了最佳的催化效果。采用 Criado 方法确定热解模型。结果表明，当转化率低于 0.5 时，热解模型不受特定模型支控，而是全部遵循 Fn 模型，而当转化率大于 0 时，模型主要由 F3/2 模型收费。5 加入催化剂。此外，TG-FTIR 技术还用于捕获逸出的气体产物，并进一步推断 5AT 最可能的热解路线。研究结论将为5AT基固体推进剂的贮存、运输、应用、管理、燃烧调查和计算机模拟工作提供理论支持。