Transition metal oxide anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have evoked widespread concern by reason of their high theoretical capacity, abundance, and diversity. Nevertheless, they suffer from severe volume expansion/contraction and slow reaction kinetics during cycling, resulting in poor electrochemical lithium storage performance. Herein, we ingeniously design a unique multi-component composite with Ni-NiO-MoO₂ heterostructure nanoparticles in-situ dispersed on holey reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets using a facile self-sacrificed MOFs template method. The integration of Ni-NiO-MoO₂ heterostructure nanoparticles and well-conductive rGO nanosheets with unique nanoholes can collaborate the inherent properties of each component to improve the reaction kinetics and synergistically enhance the lithium storage property. Thereby, the Ni-NiO-MoO₂/rGO composite as a LIB anode exhibits outstanding cycling performance with a high reversible capacity (910 mAh g⁻¹ after 220 cycles at 500 mA g⁻¹) as well as excellent rate capability maintaining the great capacity retention of 534 mAh g⁻¹ at 3000 mA g⁻¹. This research offers a vital inspiration for designing and fabricating multi-component metal oxide-based composite anode materials for high-performance LIBs.