As one of the most important functional organic macromolecules of life, proteins not only participate in the cell metabolism and gene regulation, they also earnestly protect the body's immunity system, leading to a powerful biological shield and homeostasis. Advances in nanomaterials are boosting the significant progress in various applications, including the sensing and examination of proteins in trace amount. Nanocellulose-oriented protein sensing is at the forefront of this revolution. The inherent feature of high biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, high specific area, good durability and marketability endow nanocellulose with great superiority in protein sensing. Here, we highlight the recent progress of protein sensing using nanocellulose as the biosensor in trace amount. Besides, various kinds of construction strategies for nanocelluloses-based biosensors are discussed in detail, to enhance the agility and accuracy of clinical/medical diagnostics. Finally, several challenges in the approbatory identification of new approaches for the marketization of biomedical sensing that need further expedition in the future are highlighted.

蛋白质作为生命最重要的功能性有机大分子之一，不仅参与细胞代谢和基因调控，还切实保护人体免疫系统，形成强大的生物屏障和体内平衡。纳米材料的进步正在推动各种应用的重大进展，包括微量蛋白质的传感和检测。面向纳米纤维素的蛋白质传感处于这场革命的最前沿。高生物相容性、低细胞毒性、高比面积、良好的耐久性和适销性等固有特性赋予了纳米纤维素在蛋白质传感方面的巨大优势。在这里，我们重点介绍了使用纳米纤维素作为微量生物传感器的蛋白质传感的最新进展。除了，详细讨论了基于纳米纤维素的生物传感器的各种构建策略，以提高临床/医学诊断的敏捷性和准确性。最后，强调了在未来需要进一步探索的生物医学传感市场化新方法的认可识别方面的几个挑战。