After several decades, therapeutic cancer vaccines now show signs of efficacy and potential to help patients resistant to other standard-of-care immunotherapies, but they have yet to realize their full potential and expand the oncologic armamentarium. Here, we classify cancer vaccines by what is known of the included antigens, which tumors express those antigens and where the antigens colocalize with antigen-presenting cells, thus delineating predefined vaccines (shared or personalized) and anonymous vaccines (ex vivo or in situ). To expedite clinical development, we highlight the need for accurate immune monitoring of early trials to acknowledge failures and advance the most promising vaccines.

几十年后，治疗性癌症疫苗现在显示出疗效和潜力的迹象，可以帮助对其他标准护理免疫疗法产生耐药性的患者，但它们尚未发挥其全部潜力并扩大肿瘤学武器库。在这里，我们根据已知的所含抗原、哪些肿瘤表达这些抗原以及抗原与抗原呈递细胞共定位的位置对癌症疫苗进行分类，从而描述预定义疫苗（共享或个性化）和匿名疫苗（离体或原位） . 为了加快临床开发，我们强调需要对早期试验进行准确的免疫监测，以承认失败并推进最有希望的疫苗。