结合放疗 (RT) 和光动力疗法 (PDT)：临床前评估中常规 RT-PDT 方法和新型基于纳米粒子的 RT-PDT 方法的临床研究,ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

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结合放疗 (RT) 和光动力疗法 (PDT)：临床前评估中常规 RT-PDT 方法和新型基于纳米粒子的 RT-PDT 方法的临床研究
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00287
Dhushyanth Viswanath ₁ , You-Yeon Won _{1,

2}

Affiliation

放射治疗 (RT) 是许多局部晚期癌症的主要护理标准。然而，由于癌细胞产生放射抗性，RT 的疗效常常受到限制。光动力疗法 (PDT) 作为一种替代性局部疗法已变得越来越重要。因为它的机制涉及最小的获得性阻力，所以 PDT 是 RT 的有用辅助手段。本综述讨论了将 RT 与 PDT 相结合用于癌症治疗的最新进展。在这篇综述的第一部分，我们将讨论 RT + PDT 联合疗法的临床试验。所有这些方法都受到与任何当前 PDT 方法相同的固有限制；(i) 可见光在人体组织中的穿透深度较短 (<∼10 mm)，并且 (ii) 很难通过外部/间质激光照射均匀地照亮整个肿瘤。为了解决这些限制，已经探索了闪烁纳米粒子介导的 RT-PDT 方法，其中纳米粒子将 X 射线 (RT) 转换为可见光 (PDT)；高能X射线可深入人体，均匀、精准地照射癌细胞。本综述的第二部分将讨论最近在开发和应用纳米粒子用于 RT-PDT 应用方面所做的努力。

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Combining Radiotherapy (RT) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): Clinical Studies on Conventional RT-PDT Approaches and Novel Nanoparticle-Based RT-PDT Approaches under Preclinical Evaluation

Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary standard of care for many locally advanced cancers. Often times, however, the efficacy of RT is limited due to radio-resistance that cancer cells develop. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained importance as an alternative local therapy. Because its mechanism involves minimal acquired resistance, PDT is a useful adjunct to RT. This review discusses recent advances in combining RT with PDT for cancer treatment. In the first part of this review, we will discuss clinical trials on RT + PDT combination therapies. All these approaches suffer from the same inherent limitations as any current PDT methods; (i) visible light has a short penetration depth in human tissue (<∼10 mm), and (ii) it is difficult to illuminate the entire tumor homogeneously by external/interstitial laser irradiation. To address these limitations, scintillating nanoparticle-mediated RT-PDT approaches have been explored in which nanoparticles convert X-rays (RT) into visible light (PDT); high-energy X-rays can reach deep into the body to irradiate cancers uniformly and precisely. The second part of this review will discuss recent efforts in developing and applying nanoparticles for RT-PDT applications.

更新日期：2022-08-24

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