Electrochemical water splitting, as a promising energy conversion technology, is entirely limited by the slow reaction kinetics due to the large overpotentials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the cathode. Perovskite oxide nanofibers have been established as one of the most promising catalysts for water electrolysis due to their simple preparation procedure, unique one-dimensional morphology, high specific surface area, controllable nano-size effect, and adjustable compositions. In this review, we firstly systematical summarize the designing strategies, such as electronic structure control (heteroatom doping and lattice oxygen activation), surface/interface engineering, and defect engineering for perovskite nanofiber electrocatalysts to enhance the water electrolysis performance. Based on the OER/HER descriptors and catalytic reaction mechanisms, we further discuss in-depth the significant detail of developing perovskite nanofibers as high-performance OER/HER catalysts to achieve practical application of water electrolysis, including recent advances in bifunctional catalysts for promoting the electrocatalytic activity for OER and HER. Finally, we present new insights for establishing rational OER/HER mechanism and future directions for developing next-generation perovskite nanofiber-based bifunctional catalysts.

电化学水分解作为一种很有前途的能量转换技术，由于阳极中析氧反应（OER）和阴极析氢反应（HER）的大过电位而完全受限于缓慢的反应动力学。钙钛矿氧化物纳米纤维由于其简单的制备过程、独特的一维形貌、高比表面积、可控的纳米尺寸效应和可调节的组成，已被确立为最有前途的水电解催化剂之一。在这篇综述中，我们首先系统总结了钙钛矿纳米纤维电催化剂的电子结构控制（杂原子掺杂和晶格氧活化）、表面/界面工程和缺陷工程等设计策略，以提高水电解性能。基于 OER/HER 描述符和催化反应机理，我们进一步深入讨论了开发钙钛矿纳米纤维作为高性能 OER/HER 催化剂以实现水电解实际应用的重要细节，包括双功能催化剂的最新进展，以促进OER和HER的电催化活性。最后，我们为建立合理的 OER/HER 机制和开发下一代钙钛矿纳米纤维基双功能催化剂的未来方向提出了新的见解。包括促进OER和HER电催化活性的双功能催化剂的最新进展。最后，我们为建立合理的 OER/HER 机制和开发下一代钙钛矿纳米纤维基双功能催化剂的未来方向提出了新的见解。包括促进OER和HER电催化活性的双功能催化剂的最新进展。最后，我们为建立合理的 OER/HER 机制和开发下一代钙钛矿纳米纤维基双功能催化剂的未来方向提出了新的见解。