Biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharides are abundant and renewable natural materials. Polysaccharides and their derivatives are developed into various carrier materials for biomedical applications. In particular, advanced polysaccharide-based nano/microcapsules have received extensive attention in biomedical applications due to their good encapsulation ability and tunability. In recent years, polysaccharide-based nano/microcapsules have been widely used in drug carriers, gene carriers, antigen carriers, wound dressings, bioimaging and biosensors. Numerous research results have confirmed the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of polysaccharide-based nano/microcapsules in the above-mentioned biomedical applications. This review discussed and analyzed the latest research strategies and design considerations for these applications in detail. The preparation methods, application strategies, and design considerations of polysaccharide-based nano/microcapsules are summarized and analyzed, and their challenges and future research prospects in biomedicine are further discussed. It is expected to provide researchers with inspiration and design ideas.

生物相容性和可生物降解的多糖是丰富且可再生的天然材料。多糖及其衍生物被开发成用于生物医学应用的各种载体材料。特别是先进的多糖基纳米/微胶囊由于其良好的封装能力和可调性在生物医学应用中受到广泛关注。近年来，多糖基纳米/微胶囊已广泛应用于药物载体、基因载体、抗原载体、伤口敷料、生物成像和生物传感器等领域。大量研究结果证实了多糖基纳米/微胶囊在上述生物医学应用中的可行性、安全性和有效性。本综述详细讨论和分析了这些应用的最新研究策略和设计考虑。总结和分析了多糖基纳米/微胶囊的制备方法、应用策略和设计考虑，并进一步讨论了它们在生物医学中面临的挑战和未来的研究前景。有望为研究人员提供灵感和设计思路。