The two dimensional MXene nanosheets lamellar membranes have emerged as the promising candidates for oil/water separation. However, to deal with the large-scale discharge of complicated oily wastewater (including oils, organics, microorganism, etc), developing advanced membrane materials with high permeate flux and enhanced antifouling is still big challenge. Herein, the MXene/ZnO heterojunction was prepared by electrostatic attraction, which was modified by tannic acid (TA) and further self-assembled onto the poly (arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) fibrous mat to construct the multi-functional separation membrane (ZnO/M-TA@PEN fibrous composite membrane). In the hierarchical functional layer, the improved hydrophilicity of TA and the hierarchical micro-/nano-roughness build by ZnO NPs contributed to the super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic feature (WCA = 0°, UOCA>152°), leading to high separation efficiency and ultra-low oil adhesion. Uniquely, the decoration of ZnO NPs achieved the “intercalation effect” and effectively tuned the interlayer spacing between MXene nanosheets, which conquered the stacking problem of MXene nanosheets lamellar membrane and greatly enhanced the permeation flux of membrane. For separating various oil emulsions, the resulting ZnO/M-TA@PEN fibrous composite membrane displayed superior emulsion separation flux (1815.34 ± 44.73–2053.35 ± 42.62 L/m²·h) and separation efficiency (>99.4%), even in high-temperature and salty environments. More importantly, the heterojunction structure of MXene/ZnO hybrid endowed the fibrous composite membrane with enhanced antibacterial ability and photocatalytic self-cleaning performance toward the degradation of methylene blue, which realized the synergetic antifouling and favorable cycling ability of the fibrous composite membrane. This combination of anti-fouling and high permeability renders the membrane as attractive candidate for dealing with the oily wastewater containing multicomponent pollutants.

二维 MXene 纳米片层状膜已成为油/水分离的有希望的候选者。然而，针对复杂含油废水（包括油类、有机物、微生物等）的大规模排放，开发具有高渗透通量和增强防污性的先进膜材料仍然是一个很大的挑战。在此，MXene/ZnO 异质结通过静电吸引制备，单宁酸 (TA) 对其进行改性，并进一步自组装到聚 (亚芳基醚腈) (PEN) 纤维垫上以构建多功能分离膜 (ZnO) /M-TA@PEN 纤维复合膜）。在分层功能层中，TA 的亲水性提高和 ZnO NPs 构建的分级微/纳米粗糙度有助于超亲水/水下超疏油特性（WCA = 0°，UOCA>152°），从而实现高分离效率和超低油附着力。独特的是，ZnO NPs的装饰实现了“插层效应”，有效地调节了MXene纳米片之间的层间距，克服了MXene纳米片层状膜的堆叠问题，大大提高了膜的渗透通量。对于分离各种油乳液，所得的 ZnO/M-TA@PEN 纤维复合膜显示出优异的乳液分离通量（1815.34 ± 44.73–2053.35 ± 42.62 L/m ZnO NPs的修饰实现了“插层效应”，有效调节了MXene纳米片之间的层间距，克服了MXene纳米片层状膜的堆叠问题，大大提高了膜的渗透通量。对于分离各种油乳液，所得的 ZnO/M-TA@PEN 纤维复合膜显示出优异的乳液分离通量（1815.34 ± 44.73–2053.35 ± 42.62 L/m ZnO NPs的修饰实现了“插层效应”，有效调节了MXene纳米片之间的层间距，克服了MXene纳米片层状膜的堆叠问题，大大提高了膜的渗透通量。对于分离各种油乳液，所得的 ZnO/M-TA@PEN 纤维复合膜显示出优异的乳液分离通量（1815.34 ± 44.73–2053.35 ± 42.62 L/m² ·h) 和分离效率 (>99.4%)，即使在高温和盐分环境中。更重要的是，MXene/ZnO杂化物的异质结结构赋予了纤维复合膜增强的抗菌能力和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的自清洁性能，实现了纤维复合膜的协同防污和良好的循环能力。这种防污和高渗透性的结合使膜成为处理含有多组分污染物的含油废水的有吸引力的候选者。