Understanding the function of moisture on perovskite is challenging since the random environmental moisture strongly disturbs the perovskite structure. Here, we develop various N₂-protected characterization techniques to comprehensively study the effect of moisture on the efficient cesium, methylammonium, and formamidinium triple-cation perovskite (Cs_0.05FA_0.75MA_0.20)Pb(I_0.96Br_0.04)₃. In contrast to the secondary measurements, the established air-exposure-free techniques allow us directly monitor the influence of moisture during perovskite crystallization. We find a controllable moisture treatment for the intermediate perovskite can promote the mass transportation of organic salts, and help them enter the buried bottom of the films. This process accelerates the quasi-solid-solid reaction between organic salts and PbI₂, enables a spatially homogeneous intermediate phase, and translates to high-quality perovskites with much-suppressed defects. Consequently, we obtain a champion device efficiency of approaching 24% with negligible hysteresis. The devices exhibit an average T₈₀-lifetime of 852 h (maximum 1210 h) working at the maximum power point.

了解水分对钙钛矿的作用具有挑战性，因为随机环境水分会强烈干扰钙钛矿结构。在这里，我们开发了各种 N ₂保护表征技术，以全面研究水分对高效铯、甲基铵和甲脒三重阳离子钙钛矿 (Cs _0.05 FA _0.75 MA _0.20 )Pb(I _0.96 Br _0.04 ) _3的影响. 与二次测量相比，已建立的无空气暴露技术使我们能够直接监测钙钛矿结晶过程中水分的影响。我们发现中间体钙钛矿的可控水分处理可以促进有机盐的质量传输，并帮助它们进入薄膜的埋底。_{这个过程加速了有机盐和 PbI 2}之间的准固体-固体反应，使空间均匀的中间相成为可能，并转化为具有大大抑制缺陷的高质量钙钛矿。因此，我们获得了接近 24% 且滞后可忽略不计的冠军器件效率。这些器件在最大功率点下表现出 852 小时（最长 1210 小时）的平均T _80寿命。