Rabdosia serra (R. serra), an important component of Chinese herbal tea, has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis, jaundice, cholecystitis, and colitis. However, the chemical composition of R. serra and its effect against colitis remain unclear. In this study, the chemical composition of the water extract of R. serra was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). A total of 46 compounds, comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and steroids, were identified in the water extract of R. serra, and the extract could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by improving colon length, upregulating anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating proinflammatory factors, and restoring the balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells. R. serra also preserved intestinal barrier function by increasing the level of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens 1 and occludin) in mouse colonic tissue. In addition, R. serra modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing bacterial richness and diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001), and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Turicibacter, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group). Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics further confirmed that R. serra alleviated colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner. Overall, our findings provide chemical and biological evidence for the potential application of R. serra in the management of colitis.

Rabdosia serra ( R. serra ) 是中草药茶的重要成分，传统上用于治疗肝炎、黄疸、胆囊炎和结肠炎。然而，R. serra的化学成分及其对结肠炎的作用仍不清楚。在这项研究中， R的水提取物的化学成分。使用超高效液相色谱结合混合线性离子阱四极轨道阱质谱仪 (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) 对serra进行了分析。在R的水提取物中鉴定出总共 46 种化合物，包括ent -kaurane 双萜、类黄酮、酚酸和类固醇。塞拉, 该提取物可通过延长结肠长度、上调抗炎因子、下调促炎因子、恢复T辅助性17/T调节细胞的平衡，显着缓解葡聚糖硫酸钠盐诱导的结肠炎。R. serra还通过增加小鼠结肠组织中紧密连接蛋白（zonula occludens 1 和 occludin）的水平来保持肠道屏障功能。此外，R。serra通过增加细菌的丰富度和多样性来调节肠道微生物群的组成，增加有益细菌的丰度（鼠杆菌科、拟杆菌、乳酸杆菌和普雷沃菌科_UCG -001)，并减少致病菌（Turicibacter、Eubacterium_fissicatena_group和Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group ）的丰度。抗生素导致的肠道菌群耗竭进一步证实了R. serra以微生物群依赖的方式减轻结肠炎。总的来说，我们的发现为R的潜在应用提供了化学和生物学证据。serra治疗结肠炎。