Recovery from work is a critical component for employees' proper functioning. While research has documented the beneficial effects of after-work recovery, it has focused far less on the recovery that happens while at work in the form of work breaks. In this review, we systematically review available empirical evidence on the relationship between work breaks and well-being and performance among knowledge workers. Doing so enables us to (a) integrate studies from multiple disciplines, (b) propose a conceptual framework for categorizing work breaks, and (c) provide a future research agenda for studying the role of work breaks in employee well-being and performance. Using Cochrane's guidelines, we review observational and intervention studies (N = 83). Based on the extant research, we propose that work breaks can be described and classified in terms of five features: initiator, duration, frequency, activities, and experiences. The result of our review is an integrative model that comprehensively captures the relationship between work breaks and well-being and performance outcomes, as well as the mechanisms and boundary conditions of these relationships. We conclude by proposing avenues for the future study and practice of work breaks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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工作休息在幸福感和绩效中的作用：系统回顾和未来研究议程。

从工作中恢复是员工正常运作的关键组成部分。虽然研究已经记录了下班后恢复的有益影响，但它对工作中以工作休息形式发生的恢复的关注要少得多。在这篇综述中，我们系统地回顾了关于工作休息与知识工作者的幸福感和绩效之间关系的现有经验证据。这样做使我们能够 (a) 整合来自多个学科的研究，(b) 提出一个对工作休息进行分类的概念框架，以及 (c) 为研究工作休息在员工福祉和绩效中的作用提供未来的研究议程。使用 Cochrane 的指南，我们回顾了观察性和干预性研究 (N = 83)。根据现有研究，我们提出工作休息可以用五个特征来描述和分类：发起者、持续时间、频率、活动和经历。我们的审查结果是一个综合模型，它全面捕捉了工作休息与幸福感和绩效结果之间的关系，以及这些关系的机制和边界条件。最后，我们提出了未来工作休息研究和实践的途径。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。最后，我们提出了未来工作休息研究和实践的途径。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。最后，我们提出了未来工作休息研究和实践的途径。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。