细小病毒的核进出,Molecular Microbiology

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细小病毒的核进出
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-16 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14974
Salla Mattola ₁ , Vesa Aho ₁ , Luisa F Bustamante-Jaramillo ₂ , Edoardo Pizzioli ₂ , Michael Kann _{2,

3,

4} , Maija Vihinen-Ranta ₁

Affiliation

细小病毒是小型无包膜单链 DNA 病毒，依赖于宿主细胞核转录和复制机制。核定位序列和磷脂酶 A _{2的核内体暴露后}衣壳表面上的结构域，并逃逸到细胞质中，细小病毒衣壳进入细胞核。由于 18-26 nm 的小衣壳直径，完整的衣壳有可能通过核孔复合体 (NPC) 进入细胞核。这可能通过主动输入核来促进，但衣壳也可能遵循替代进入途径，包括有丝分裂因子的激活和核膜的局部瞬时破坏。核进入之后是目前未定义的病毒基因组脱壳事件。基因组释放后，病毒复制区室启动，感染继续进行。细小病毒基因组在细胞 S 期复制，然后在病毒诱导的 S/G2 细胞周期停滞期间进行核衣壳组装。在细胞凋亡和细胞裂解过程中，核膜降解时会发生衣壳的核出口。已经描述了一种核输出的替代途径，它使用由染色体区域维护 1 蛋白 CRM1 介导的 NPC 主动转运，该蛋白通过 VP2 的 N 末端结构域的磷酸化得到增强。然而，不能排除其他替代但尚未确定的核出口途径。

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Nuclear entry and egress of parvoviruses

Parvoviruses are small non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses, which depend on host cell nuclear transcriptional and replication machinery. After endosomal exposure of nuclear localization sequence and a phospholipase A₂ domain on the capsid surface, and escape into the cytosol, parvovirus capsids enter the nucleus. Due to the small capsid diameter of 18–26 nm, intact capsids can potentially pass into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). This might be facilitated by active nuclear import, but capsids may also follow an alternative entry pathway that includes activation of mitotic factors and local transient disruption of the nuclear envelope. The nuclear entry is followed by currently undefined events of viral genome uncoating. After genome release, viral replication compartments are initiated and infection proceeds. Parvoviral genomes replicate during cellular S phase followed by nuclear capsid assembly during virus-induced S/G2 cell cycle arrest. Nuclear egress of capsids occurs upon nuclear envelope degradation during apoptosis and cell lysis. An alternative pathway for nuclear export has been described using active transport through the NPC mediated by the chromosome region maintenance 1 protein, CRM1, which is enhanced by phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of VP2. However, other alternative but not yet uncharacterized nuclear export pathways cannot be excluded.

更新日期：2022-08-16

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