Wearable non-invasive biosensors for the continuous monitoring of metabolites in sweat can detect a few analytes at sufficiently high concentrations, typically during vigorous exercise so as to generate sufficient quantity of the biofluid. Here we report the design and performance of a wearable electrochemical biosensor for the continuous analysis, in sweat during physical exercise and at rest, of trace levels of multiple metabolites and nutrients, including all essential amino acids and vitamins. The biosensor consists of graphene electrodes that can be repeatedly regenerated in situ, functionalized with metabolite-specific antibody-like molecularly imprinted polymers and redox-active reporter nanoparticles, and integrated with modules for iontophoresis-based sweat induction, microfluidic sweat sampling, signal processing and calibration, and wireless communication. In volunteers, the biosensor enabled the real-time monitoring of the intake of amino acids and their levels during physical exercise, as well as the assessment of the risk of metabolic syndrome (by correlating amino acid levels in serum and sweat). The monitoring of metabolites for the early identification of abnormal health conditions could facilitate applications in precision nutrition.

用于连续监测汗液中代谢物的可穿戴非侵入性生物传感器可以检测足够高浓度的一些分析物，通常是在剧烈运动期间，以产生足够量的生物液。在这里，我们报告了可穿戴电化学生物传感器的设计和性能，用于连续分析体育运动和休息时的汗液中多种代谢物和营养素的痕量水平，包括所有必需氨基酸和维生素。该生物传感器由可原位重复再生的石墨烯电极组成，用代谢物特异性抗体样分子印迹聚合物和氧化还原活性报告纳米颗粒进行功能化，并与基于离子电渗疗法的汗液诱导、微流控汗液采样、信号处理和校准和无线通信。在志愿者中，生物传感器能够实时监测体育锻炼期间氨基酸的摄入量及其水平，以及评估代谢综合征的风险（通过关联血清和汗液中的氨基酸水平）。监测代谢物以早期识别异常健康状况可以促进精准营养的应用。