Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses. Pyroptosis, an innate immune response, can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors. Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11, both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain, which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane. Here, we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, newly discovered influencing factors, antitumoral properties, and applications in various diseases. Moreover, this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers, methods for clinical prevention, and finally challenges and future directions in the field.

细胞焦亡是由gasdermin介导的一种程序性细胞死亡形式，是细胞持续扩张直至细胞膜破裂的产物，导致细胞内容物释放，从而激活强烈的炎症和免疫反应。细胞焦亡是一种先天性免疫反应，可以通过各种影响因素激活炎症小体来触发。这些炎症小体的激活可以诱导 caspase-1 或 caspase-4/5/11 的成熟，这两种酶都会裂解gasdermin D以释放其N末端结构域，该结构域可以结合膜脂并穿透细胞膜。在此，我们综述了焦亡机制的最新研究进展、新发现的影响因素、抗肿瘤特性以及在各种疾病中的应用。此外，这篇综述还提供了炎症和癌症的潜在靶向治疗、临床预防方法以及该领域的挑战和未来方向的最新信息。