Climate change mitigation calls for the limitation and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across all sectors. However, limiting GHG emissions from aviation has proven to be problematic for technical reasons (e.g., lack of low-carbon alternatives) as well as legal reasons (e.g., international aviation does not readily fall within any one state's jurisdiction). Relevant initiatives have followed two streams. At the international level, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has adopted technical standards and, more recently, a market-based mechanism to limit emissions from international civil aviation. In parallel, states have adopted their own policies and measures to regulate emissions from both domestic and international aviation, ranging from tax and technical standards to traffic management and infrastructural development. While much of the literature on climate change mitigation in the aviation sector has focused on international efforts, this article reveals the importance of understanding the tensions and complementarities of the two streams.

减缓气候变化要求限制和减少所有部门的温室气体 (GHG) 排放。然而，由于技术原因（例如，缺乏低碳替代品）以及法律原因（例如，国际航空并不容易属于任何一个国家的管辖范围），事实证明，限制航空的温室气体排放是有问题的。相关举措有两个方向。在国际层面，国际民用航空组织 (ICAO) 采用了技术标准，最近还采用了基于市场的机制来限制国际民用航空的排放。与此同时，各国采取了自己的政策和措施来规范国内和国际航空的排放，从税收和技术标准到交通管理和基础设施发展。虽然许多关于航空业减缓气候变化的文献都侧重于国际努力，但本文揭示了理解这两个方面的紧张关系和互补性的重要性。