Persistent bacteria, such as intracellular and biofilm bacteria, are critical challenges in clinic treatment because they are refractory to antibiotics management under the shelter of cytomembrane and biofilm. Conventional strategies to combat intracellular bacteria are using high doses of antibiotics, which may bring the risk of drug resistance, and debridement of the biofilm increases patients’ pain and economic burden. Currently, the use of antibiotics is irreplaceable and it is necessary to develop new strategies to enable common antibiotics to penetrate the cytomembrane and biofilm, and then kill the bacteria. Hence, a nanoscale gallium-based metal–organic framework (GaMOF) nanoparticles that can stride across cell membranes as antibiotics carriers, disable the biofilm via disrupting bacteria Fe metabolism, and enhance the antibiotic potency for the two intractable germs is constructed. The synthesized GaMOF exhibits a high BET surface area of up to 1299.53 m² g⁻¹, uniform particle size of ≈100 nm, monodispersed spherical morphology with virus-like surfaces, and good biosafety. The nano MOF structure and Ga intrinsic inhibiting bacteria activity armored antibiotics as “super-penetrating bombs” to eradicate the two types of elusive bacteria. Moreover, intracellular bacteria-induced pyroptosis and associated inflammation in vivo are alleviated by GaMOF and cured by GaMOF united with antibiotics treatment.

中文翻译：

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亚 150 nm 纳米级镓基金属有机框架装甲抗生素作为消灭顽固性细菌的超穿透炸弹

持久性细菌，例如细胞内细菌和生物膜细菌，是临床治疗中的关键挑战，因为它们在细胞膜和生物膜的保护下对抗生素治疗无效。对抗细胞内细菌的常规策略是使用高剂量的抗生素，这可能会带来耐药性的风险，而生物膜的清创会增加患者的痛苦和经济负担。目前，抗生素的使用是不可替代的，有必要开发新的策略，使普通抗生素能够穿透细胞膜和生物膜，进而杀死细菌。因此，纳米级镓基金属有机框架（GaMOF）纳米粒子可以作为抗生素载体跨越细胞膜，通过破坏细菌铁代谢来禁用生物膜，并增强了对这两种顽固细菌的抗生素效力。合成的 GaMOF 的 BET 表面积高达 1299.53 m²  g ^-1，粒径均一≈100 nm，具有病毒样表面的单分散球形形态，具有良好的生物安全性。纳米MOF结构和Ga内在抑制细菌活性装甲抗生素作为“超穿透炸弹”消灭这两种难以捉摸的细菌。此外，GaMOF 可缓解细胞内细菌诱导的体内细胞焦亡和相关炎症，并通过 GaMOF 联合抗生素治疗治愈。