Tropical forests support a diversity of plants. Many of them are threatened, emphasising that their shared use by people and wildlife may benefit their conservation. Litt forests of southeast Madagascar, home to seven threatened lemur species, provide the Antanosy people with natural resources. In the early 2000s, protected areas were established in two regions that historically incurred different levels of anthropogenic pressures: Sainte Luce and Mandena. We explored the local use of plants as medicine, construction materials and firewood, and examined the overlap of plants used by people and the red-collared brown lemur (Eulemur collaris), the largest lemur in this ecosystem and an important seed disperser. Between July and October 2018, 60 adults (30 women, 30 men) participated in semi-structured interviews. Our findings show 122 plants are locally used as medicines, 60 as construction materials, and 71 as firewood. Of all utilitarian plants, 52 were confirmed in this lemur’s diet. Sainte Luce participants reported they used a higher diversity of species in all three categories. Western medicines were available and preferred to medicinal plants, but the choice also often depended on the health condition being addressed. Firewood was preferred to charcoal for cooking. Resource restrictions of the protected areas has negatively affected the local people. Local ethnobotanical knowledge reflects the importance of plants, while differences in plant use of the two communities reflect differences in biodiversity and socio-economic circumstances. Emphasising this interdependence, especially in forest restoration, could be a path towards conservation of plants, lemurs, and people, as well as traditional livelihoods.

热带森林支持多种植物。他们中的许多人受到威胁，强调人们和野生动物共同使用它们可能有利于它们的保护。马达加斯加东南部的 Litt 森林是七种受威胁狐猴物种的家园，为 Antanosy 人提供自然资源。在 2000 年代初期，保护区在历史上遭受不同程度的人为压力的两个地区建立：圣卢斯和曼德纳。我们探索了当地植物作为药物、建筑材料和木柴的用途，并检查了人们使用的植物与红领棕狐猴 ( Eulemur collis ) 的重叠情况。)，这个生态系统中最大的狐猴和重要的种子传播者。在 2018 年 7 月至 2018 年 10 月期间，60 名成年人（30 名女性，30 名男性）参加了半结构化访谈。我们的调查结果显示，122 种植物在当地用作药物，60 种用作建筑材料，71 种用作木柴。在所有实用植物中，有 52 种在这只狐猴的饮食中得到证实。Sainte Luce 的参与者报告说，他们在所有三个类别中都使用了更高多样性的物种。西药是可用的，并且比药用植物更受欢迎，但选择也往往取决于所解决的健康状况。木柴比木炭更适合做饭。保护区的资源限制对当地人民产生了负面影响。当地民族植物学知识反映了植物的重要性，而两个社区在植物利用方面的差异反映了生物多样性和社会经济环境的差异。强调这种相互依存关系，特别是在森林恢复方面，可能是保护植物、狐猴和人类以及传统生计的途径。