A Fe₃O₄-based catalyst with controllable properties and good dispersity was constructed utilizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as a spatial support. Fe₃O₄ was attached onto the ZIFs surface via a facile strategy and the resulting Fe₃O₄/ZIFs material was applied as peroxymonosulfate catalyst for highly effective aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) degradation. The AFB₁ degradation efficiency can be regulated by controlling the surface area and pore distribution of Fe₃O₄/ZIFs. Fe₃O₄/ZIFs (1:8) exhibited good catalytic ability within a wide pH range (3−8). A degradation efficiency of 97.4 % was achieved within 30 min, with 80.3 % degraded within the first 5 min, which was attributed to the ZIFs support structure, effectively improving the dispersity and mass transfer efficiency of Fe₃O₄. O₂^·− and ¹O₂ were the dominant active species in AFB₁ degradation. Subsequently, the AFB₁ degradation pathway was proposed. This study provides a promising and novel approach to the enhancement of catalytic activity for efficient AFB₁ degradation.