具有选择性离子传输的磺化超微孔膜能够以卓越的效率从多种盐溶液中提取渗透能,Energy & Environmental Science

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具有选择性离子传输的磺化超微孔膜能够以卓越的效率从多种盐溶液中提取渗透能
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-09 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00851c
Qing Zhu ₁ , Yuanyuan Li ₁ , Qingling Qian ₁ , Peipei Zuo ₁ , Michael D. Guiver _{2,

3} , Zhengjin Yang ₁ , Tongwen Xu ₁

Affiliation

可在基于膜的过程中转化为电能的渗透能是一种可持续能源。然而，这一概念仅限于海水和河水之间的盐度差异，而效率往往受到膜选择性不足的限制。我们建议通过将离子传输限制在 <1 nm 大小的离子通道内，可以获得高膜选择性，从而提高渗透发电并将概念扩展到其他解决方案，例如工业废水。用本质上超微孔磺化聚氧杂蒽 (SPX) 膜证明了这一点。带负电荷的亚 1 nm 通道的 SPX 膜显示出电荷调控的离子传输和强大的尺寸效应，这两者结合起来提供了高选择性。带有 SPX 膜的渗透发电机通过混合河水和海水可提供 38.5% 的效率。强大的尺寸效应还可以从具有等摩尔浓度的溶液中发电，这是一种概念上的新能源提取系统。结合浓度和热梯度产生 1.2 W m ^{-2的功率输出}，以及 48.7% 的卓越效率。结果突出了所提出的膜在能量收集装置中的应用潜力，并为多种形式的渗透发电开辟了未开发的途径。

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A sulfonated ultramicroporous membrane with selective ion transport enables osmotic energy extraction from multiform salt solutions with exceptional efficiency

Osmotic power that can be converted into electricity in membrane-based processes is a sustainable energy source. This concept is, however, limited to salinity differences between seawater and river water, while the efficiency is often restrained by inadequate membrane selectivity. We propose that by confining the transport of ions within the <1 nm sized ion channels, high membrane selectivity can be acquired, thereby improving osmotic power generation and extending the concept to other solutions, e.g. industrial wastewater. This is demonstrated with an intrinsically ultramicroporous sulfonated polyxanthene-based (SPX) membrane. The SPX membrane with negatively charged sub-1 nm channels shows charge-governed ion transport and a strong size effect, which combine to contribute high selectivity. An osmotic power generator with the SPX membrane delivers an efficiency of 38.5% from mixing river water with seawater. The strong size effect also enables power generation from solutions with equimolar concentrations, a conceptually new energy extraction system. Combining concentration and thermal gradients yields a power output of 1.2 W m⁻², along with an exceptional efficiency of 48.7%. The results highlight the potential of the proposed membrane for application in energy-harvesting devices and open up unexplored avenues towards diversified forms of osmotic electricity generation.

更新日期：2022-08-09

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