绿叶挥发物——植物对抗生物攻击的最前沿,Plant & Cell Physiology

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绿叶挥发物——植物对抗生物攻击的最前沿
Plant & Cell Physiology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 , DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac117
Kenji Matsui ₁ , Jurgen Engelberth ₂

Affiliation

绿叶挥发物 (GLV) 是维管植物中普遍存在的六碳挥发性氧化脂。GLV 由生物膜中的酰基通过途径特异性脂氧合酶 (LOX) 的氧化作用和随后的氢过氧化物裂解酶 (HPL) 的裂解反应产生。由于形成 GLV 的能力普遍分布，因此预计它们将在维管植物中发挥共同作用。虽然完整植物组织中的静息水平很低，但 GLV 会立即从头合成，以应对破坏细胞结构的压力，如食草昆虫。这种快速的 GLV 爆发是植物对细胞损伤胁迫的最快反应之一。因此，GLV 是与植物相互作用的有机体遇到的第一个植物衍生化合物，无论这种相互作用是竞争性的还是友好的。因此，GLV 必须被视为植物与与其相互作用的那些生物之间的重要介质。GLV 可以通过阻止食草动物和病原体产生直接影响，也可以通过吸引食草动物的捕食者产生间接影响，而其他植物可以窃听它们并准备防御，这一过程称为启动。虽然 GLV 为植物提供的有益效果通常不那么显着，甚至是互补的，但由于 GLV 的多种功能，这些微小影响的积累可以积累到对植物产生实质性有益的水平。这篇综述总结了当前对 GLV 生物合成和 GLV 功能的时空分辨率的理解，并概述了 GLV 如何支持植物的基本健康。

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Green Leaf Volatiles – The forefront of Plant Responses Against Biotic Attack

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are six-carbon volatile oxylipins ubiquitous in vascular plants. GLVs are produced from acyl groups in the biological membranes via oxygenation by a pathway-specific lipoxygenase (LOX) and subsequent cleavage reaction by hydroperoxide lyase (HPL). Because of the universal distribution of the ability to form GLVs, they have been anticipated to play a common role in vascular plants. While resting levels in intact plant tissues are low, GLVs are immediately synthesized de novo in response to stresses that disrupt the cell structure such as insect herbivory. This rapid GLV-burst is one of the fastest responses of plants to cell-damaging stresses; therefore, GLVs are the first plant-derived compounds encountered by organisms that interact with plants irrespective of whether the interaction would be competitive or friendly. GLVs must therefore be considered as important mediators between plants and those organisms that are interacting with them. GLVs can have direct effects by deterring herbivores and pathogens as well as indirect effects by attracting predators of herbivores, all the while other plants can eavesdrop on them and prepare their defenses, a process called priming. While the beneficial effects provided to plants by GLVs are often less dramatic and even complementary, the buildup of these tiny effects due to the multiple functions of GLVs can amass to levels that become substantially beneficial to plants. This review summarizes the current understanding of the spatiotemporal resolution of GLV-biosynthesis and GLV-functions and outlines how GLVs support the basic health of plants.

更新日期：2022-08-08

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