Amorphization and Crystallization of Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Using Conventional DSC and Flash DSC,Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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Amorphization and Crystallization of Hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) Using Conventional DSC and Flash DSC
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100366
Yung P. Koh _{1,

2} , Zachary T. Fondren _{1,

3} , Aric A. Denton ₁ , Sindee L. Simon _{1,

2} , Gregory B. McKenna _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The present work presents results from an investigation of the glass transition and crystallization behaviors of HNAB tested over more than five orders of magnitude of cooling rate from 0.005 °C/s to 600 °C/s (0.3 to 36000 °C/min) by a combination of conventional and Flash differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The work quantifies the influence of the thermal amorphization route on the properties of this high explosive. Cooling rates faster than 100 °C/s (6000 °C/min) result in amorphous HNAB as expected from prior work, but we also find that amorphization of the HNAB occurs at cooling rates slower than 0.008 °C/s (0.5 °C/min). The behavior of the amorphous HNAB made by slow cooling is compared with that of amorphous HNAB made by fast cooling, as well as with that made by solvent casting in terms of glass transition temperature, apparent activation energy of glass transition, and dynamic fragility parameter m. Besides, the non-isothermal crystallization response as a function of cooling rate is also reported. The thermal stability and decomposition energy of amorphous HNAB are compared with those of the crystalline counterpart, being similar heats of decomposition of 3295 and 3392 J/g, respectively; suggesting that the amorphous HNAB will have similar thermal stability and chemical energy to the crystalline form.

中文翻译：

使用常规 DSC 和 Flash DSC 对六硝基偶氮苯 (HNAB) 进行非晶化和结晶

目前的工作展示了对 HNAB 的玻璃化转变和结晶行为的研究结果，该结果在超过 5 个数量级的冷却速率（从 0.005°C/s 到 600°C/s（0.3 到 36000°C/min））下进行了测试传统和闪光差示扫描量热法（DSC）的组合。这项工作量化了热非晶化路线对这种高炸药性能的影响。冷却速度快于 100 °C/s (6000 °C/min) 会导致非晶 HNAB 正如先前工作所预期的那样，但我们还发现 HNAB 的非晶化发生在低于 0.008 °C/s (0.5 °C) 的冷却速度下/分钟）。将慢冷制备的非晶 HNAB 与快冷制备的非晶 HNAB 以及溶剂浇铸制备的玻璃化转变温度进行比较，米。此外，还报道了作为冷却速率函数的非等温结晶响应。将无定形 HNAB 的热稳定性和分解能与结晶对应物进行比较，分别为 3295 和 3392 J/g 的相似分解热；表明无定形 HNAB 将具有与结晶形式相似的热稳定性和化学能。

更新日期：2022-08-03

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