To overcome the defects of traditional proton exchange membranes (PEMs) (Nafion and Nafion-based membranes, etc.), the introduction of proton-conducting MOFs with performance advantages into the PEM system is a smart strategy, many exciting research results have emerged one after another in recent years. For the convenience of researchers and to explore trends for future development, in this review. MOF-based PEMs are divided into the mixed-matrix membranes using MOFs as fillers and PEMs formed by MOFs directly based on different film-forming methods, and the properties of these PEMs are concluded. The following aspects were focused on the preparation strategies and techniques, stability (covering thermal-, water-, chemical-, and mechanical stabilities, etc.), proton conductive properties under damp or anhydrous conditions, and proton conduction mechanism, and structure–activity relationship. Finally, the prospects and challenges of future research are highlighted.