The challenge of poor compatibility between nanoparticles and separation layers in thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration (NF) membranes has always plagued the researchers. In this work, a carboxylated starch nanoparticles (CSNPs) were introduced into the polyamide (PA) separation layer of NF membrane by the IP reaction between trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and piperazine (PIP). The agglomerated or large size CSNPs could transfer the reaction interface above the particles through the formation of a water template by adsorption of aqueous phase monomers, which shaped the defect-free separation layer. Furthermore, the reduced thickness and increased density of the separation layer greatly enhanced the separation selectivity of the nanofiltration membrane thanks to the introduction of hydrophilic groups of nanoparticles. The modified membrane achieved a nearly 5-fold improvement in separation selectivity for NaCl and Na₂SO₄ (S_NaCl/Na2SO4 = 180) and a 2-fold increase in the water permeance. In addition, the modified NF membrane also possessed better chlorine-resistance property based on the formation of polyarylester between the reaction of hydroxyl groups in CSNPs and acyl chloride groups in TMC. Such novel aqueous-phase additives provide new insights to effectively solve the compatibility problem between the nanoparticles and separation layers, which is favorable for the commercial production of NF membrane.

薄膜纳米复合材料（TFN）纳滤（NF）膜中纳米颗粒与分离层相容性差的挑战一直困扰着研究人员。在这项工作中，羧化淀粉纳米粒子（CSNPs）通过均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）和哌嗪（PIP）之间的IP反应被引入到NF膜的聚酰胺（PA）分离层中。团聚或大尺寸的CSNPs可以通过吸附水相单体形成水模板来转移颗粒上方的反应界面，从而形成无缺陷的分离层。此外，由于纳米颗粒亲水基团的引入，分离层厚度的减小和密度的增加大大提高了纳滤膜的分离选择性。₂ SO ₄ (S _NaCl/Na2SO4  = 180) 和 2 倍的水渗透性增加。此外，基于CSNPs中的羟基与TMC中的酰氯基团反应形成聚芳酯，改性NF膜还具有更好的耐氯性能。这种新型水相添加剂为有效解决纳米颗粒与分离层的相容性问题提供了新的思路，有利于纳滤膜的商业化生产。