Membrane-based materials with selective superantiwetting/superwetting surfaces have been applied widely to tackle the concerns of the ever-growing discharge of industrial oily wastewater, as well as frequent oil spill accidents. However, conventional membrane-based separation technologies are inefficient and limited, either by insufficient robustness or by the inadequate anti-oil-fouling property. Herein, a biomimetic superhydrophobic membrane (BSM) with multiscale hierarchical structures (MHSs) was prepared through a method combing self-growth and spray coating. Remarkably, the BSM featured a static water contact angle of 153 ± 0.5°. Accordingly, the BSM possessed highly efficient oil–water separation capability (>95%). In addition, the anti-oil-fouling property and anti-drag capability in the oily seawater of BSM were systematically investigated. In fact, the repellent properties of BSM toward multiple mixtures were attributed to the synergistic effect of both physical structures (biomimetic MHSs) and hydrophobic chemical compositions. Moreover, the BSM demonstrated excellent mechanical robustness (the number of abrasion cycles reached 35) and chemical durability (maintain superhydrophobicity in pH 1–14) through abrasion and strong acid/alkali corrosion tests, respectively. The durability of BSM provided more possibilities for its practical applications. The findings in this work offer a facile yet effective strategy for designing superhydrophobic membranes with excellent physicochemical durability and suggest a great potential value for oil–water separation and drag reduction applications.

具有选择性超抗润湿/超润湿表面的膜基材料已广泛应用于解决工业含油废水排放量不断增加以及溢油事故频发的问题。然而，传统的基于膜的分离技术效率低下且受到限制，要么是由于稳定性不足，要么是由于抗油污性能不足。在此，通过自生长和喷涂相结合的方法制备了具有多尺度分层结构（MHS）的仿生超疏水膜（BSM）。值得注意的是，BSM 的静态水接触角为 153 ± 0.5°。因此，BSM 具有高效的油水分离能力（>95%）。此外，系统研究了BSM含油海水的抗油污性能和抗拖曳能力。事实上，BSM 对多种混合物的驱避特性归因于物理结构（仿生 MHS）和疏水化学成分的协同作用。此外，通过磨损和强酸/碱腐蚀测试，BSM 分别表现出优异的机械稳健性（磨损循环次数达到 35 次）和化学耐久性（在 pH 1-14 下保持超疏水性）。BSM的耐用性为其实际应用提供了更多可能。