使用高弹性海绵状水凝胶实现高效太阳能海水淡化的可持续自清洁蒸发器,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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使用高弹性海绵状水凝胶实现高效太阳能海水淡化的可持续自清洁蒸发器
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08561
Aqiang Chu ₁ , Meng Yang ₁ , Hongda Yang ₁ , Xueqi Shi ₁ , Juanli Chen ₁ , Jing Fang ₁ , Zhiying Wang ₁ , Hao Li ₁

Affiliation

使用吸光水凝胶的界面蒸发可在自然阳光下提供高效的太阳能蒸发性能，确保提供负担得起的清洁水。然而，由于不可避免的盐积累、难以控制的表面形态以及基于水凝胶的蒸发器表面的较差机械性能，实现具有持久且高效利用的吸光水凝胶仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，以低成本活性炭为光热材料，以双网络聚合物链为基本骨架，采用简单的发泡聚合策略，构建了一种具有 3D 互连多孔结构的光热海绵状水凝胶。海绵状水凝胶蒸发器显示出量身定制的表面形貌、充足的水传输、出色的弹性和韧性，良好的脱盐和热定位性能。模拟太阳光照射下（1.0 kW/m^{2 )，实现了 2.33 kg·m}^-2 ·h ^-1的高蒸发率。此外，由于 3D 互连多孔结构内的快速离子扩散，实现了有效的盐自清洁行为。即使在 15 wt% 的高浓度盐水中，仍然可以实现连续有效的水蒸发。这种光热海绵状水凝胶具有优异的蒸发和脱盐性能，表明其在海水淡化中具有长期可持续利用的前景。

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Sustainable Self-Cleaning Evaporators for Highly Efficient Solar Desalination Using a Highly Elastic Sponge-like Hydrogel

Interfacial evaporation using light-absorbing hydrogels offers efficient solar evaporation performance under natural sunlight, ensuring an affordable clean water supply. However, achieving light-absorbing hydrogels with durable and efficient utilization is still a challenge due to inevitable salt accumulation, a difficult-to-control surface morphology, and poor mechanical properties on the surfaces of hydrogel-based evaporators. In this work, a photothermal sponge-like hydrogel with a 3D interconnected porous structure was constructed using low-cost activated carbon as a photothermal material, as well as a double-network polymer chain as the basic skeleton using a simple foaming polymerization strategy. The sponge-like hydrogel evaporator showed tailored surface topography, adequate water transport, excellent elasticity and toughness, good salt rejection, and thermal localization properties. Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight (1.0 kW/m²), a high evaporation rate of 2.33 kg·m^–2·h^–1 was achieved. Furthermore, efficient salt self-cleaning behavior was achieved due to the fast ion diffusion within the 3D interconnected porous structures. Even in highly concentrated brine of 15 wt %, continuous and efficient water evaporation was still achieved. The excellent evaporation and salt rejection properties of this photothermal sponge-like hydrogel indicated its promising long-term sustainable utilization in seawater desalination.

更新日期：2022-08-01

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