Stainless steel is the metal of choice for medical implants owing to excellent mechanical properties, hemocompatibility and flexibility; nevertheless, heavy metals like nickel, chromium and molybdenum are a point of concern because of their ability to evoke inflammatory and coagulation cascades resulting in implant failure. In present study, stainless steel substrate was coated with graphite through physical vapor deposition (PVD) to improve hemocompatibility, antithrombosis and anti-leaching properties. Both nano- and micro-meter thick coatings were optimized for the microstructure, roughness, and strength parameters. The hemocompatibility and antithrombosis properties of coating were evaluated through hemolysis and blood coagulation testing. Lastly, the corrosion potential of coating and material leaching from coated specimen was quantified by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy and its effects were evaluated on the material surface and simulated body fluids. A direct relationship among smoothness, strength, and coating thickness was observed. After the coating, the hydrophilic character of the specimen enhanced from 108° to 90.8° which increased the anticoagulation properties and less platelets adhered to the coated surface as compared to bare surface. The hemocompatibility evaluation demonstrated 1.09% hemolysis potential of coated specimen as compared to 1.8% of bare specimen. The rate of corrosion of coated specimen was found to far less than bare specimen (1.4 mpy vs 22 mpy). The leaching studies proved no signs of redox reaction and material release from coated specimen under accelerated aging conditions. In conclusion, the PVD based graphite promoted antithrombosis and anti-leaching properties making it a potential candidate for biomedical implant coatings.

由于出色的机械性能、血液相容性和柔韧性，不锈钢是医疗植入物的首选金属；尽管如此，镍、铬和钼等重金属还是一个值得关注的问题，因为它们能够引发炎症和凝血级联反应，导致植入物失败。在本研究中，不锈钢基材通过物理气相沉积 (PVD) 涂覆石墨，以提高血液相容性、抗血栓形成和抗浸出性能。纳米和微米厚的涂层都针对微观结构、粗糙度和强度参数进行了优化。通过溶血和凝血试验评价涂层的血液相容性和抗血栓形成特性。最后，采用原子吸收光谱法对涂层的腐蚀电位和涂层试样的材料浸出进行量化，并评估其对材料表面和模拟体液的影响。观察到光滑度、强度和涂层厚度之间的直接关系。涂层后，试样的亲水特性从 108° 提高到 90.8°，与裸露表面相比，涂层表面的抗凝性能提高，粘附在涂层表面的血小板减少。血液相容性评估表明，涂层标本的溶血潜力为 1.09%，而裸标本的溶血潜力为 1.8%。发现涂层试样的腐蚀速率远低于裸试样（1.4 mpy 对 22 mpy）。浸出研究证明，在加速老化条件下，涂层样品没有氧化还原反应和材料释放的迹象。总之，基于 PVD ​​的石墨促进了抗血栓形成和抗浸出特性，使其成为生物医学植入物涂层的潜在候选者。