蚜虫的颜色多态性是通过照顾蚂蚁来维持的。,Science Advances

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蚜虫的颜色多态性是通过照顾蚂蚁来维持的。
Science Advances ( IF 11.7 ) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 , DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600606
Saori Watanabe ₁ , Taiga Murakami ₁ , Jin Yoshimura _{2,

3,

4} , Eisuke Hasegawa ₁

Affiliation

多态性的研究对于增进我们对表型和遗传多样性的理解特别有用。通常通过平衡选择来解释种群中多态性的持久性。在许多昆虫和节肢动物中经常发现的颜色多态性是通过平衡选择维持多态性的主要例子。在某些蚜虫中，颜色形态通过两个掠食性昆虫的频率依赖性捕食来维持。然而，蚂蚁照料的蚜虫中颜色多态性的存在不能用传统的平衡选择来解释，因为这些蚜虫没有被捕食。我们研究了在田间养蚂蚁蚜虫Macrosiphoniella yomogicola中存在两种颜色（红色和绿色）形态的选择性优势。我们测量了具有不同比例颜色变体的蚜虫菌落上蚂蚁的亲和程度。结果表明，蚂蚁强烈偏爱具有中间比例的两种颜色形态的蚜虫菌落。当控制蚜虫菌落的大小和蚁群的大小时，蚂蚁的出勤程度与田间颜色形态的比例之间的关系是凸的。此功能在菌落中的绿色形态峰值约为65％。该系统代表了平衡多态性的第一种情况，它不是由相反的因素而是由共生关系维持的。当控制蚜虫菌落的大小和蚁群的大小时，蚂蚁的出勤程度与田间颜色形态的比例之间的关系是凸的。此功能在菌落中的绿色形态峰值约为65％。该系统代表了平衡多态性的第一种情况，它不是由相反的因素而是由共生关系维持的。当控制蚜虫菌落的大小和蚁群的大小时，蚂蚁的出勤程度与田间颜色形态的比例之间的关系是凸的。此功能在菌落中的绿色形态峰值约为65％。该系统代表了平衡多态性的第一种情况，它不是由相反的因素而是由共生关系维持的。

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Color polymorphism in an aphid is maintained by attending ants.

The study of polymorphisms is particularly informative for enhancing our understanding of phenotypic and genetic diversity. The persistence of polymorphism in a population is generally explained by balancing selection. Color polymorphisms that are often found in many insects and arthropods are prime examples of the maintenance of polymorphisms via balancing selection. In some aphids, color morphs are maintained through frequency-dependent predation by two predatory insects. However, the presence of color polymorphism in ant-attended aphids cannot be explained by traditional balancing selection because these aphids are free from predation. We examined the selective advantages of the existence of two color (red and green) morphs in the ant-attended aphid, Macrosiphoniella yomogicola, in fields. We measured the degree of ant attendance on aphid colonies with different proportions of color morphs. The results show that the ants strongly favor aphid colonies with intermediate proportions of the two color morphs. The relationship between the degree of ant attendance and the proportion of color morphs in the field is convex when aphid colony size and ant colony size are controlled. This function has a peak of approximately 65% of green morphs in a colony. This system represents the first case of a balancing polymorphism that is not maintained by opposing factors but by a symbiotic relationship.

更新日期：2016-09-08

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