Organelles, including mitochondria (mito), lysosomes (lyso), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (Golgi), and ribosome et al., play a vital role in maintaining the regular work of the cell. Viscosity is an essential parameter in the cellular microenvironment. Herein, four viscosity-sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes DMPC, DEPC, DHDM and DHDV that can simultaneously target multiple organelles were synthesized. As the viscosity increased, the fluorescence intensity of the probes gradually increased due to the hindrance of the rotation of the carbon-carbon single bond. The fluorescence intensity of DHDV increased by about 453 times, and the fluorescence quantum yield also increased from 0.051 to 0.681. Cell experiments indicated the probes could simultaneously target four kinds of organelles, and the four probes could also track mitochondria with no dependence on membrane potential. Further experiments showed that the probes could detect viscosity changes in lyso and mito. In addition, the probes also demonstrated the advantages of low cytotoxicity, good anti-interference and stability, providing a simple and effective tool for studying the activity of organelles with changing viscosity signals.

细胞器，包括线粒体（mito）、溶酶体（lyso）、内质网（ER）、高尔基体（Golgi）和核糖体等，在维持细胞的正常工作中起着至关重要的作用。粘度是细胞微环境中的一个重要参数。在此，合成了四种粘度敏感的近红外荧光探针 DMPC、DEPC、DHDM 和 DHDV，它们可以同时靶向多个细胞器。随着粘度的增加，由于碳-碳单键旋转的阻碍，探针的荧光强度逐渐增加。DHDV的荧光强度提高了约453倍，荧光量子产率也从0.051提高到0.681。细胞实验表明，这些探针可以同时靶向四种细胞器，并且四个探针还可以跟踪线粒体而不依赖于膜电位。进一步的实验表明，探针可以检测溶血酶和线粒体的粘度变化。此外，该探针还表现出细胞毒性低、抗干扰性好、稳定性好等优点，为研究黏度信号变化的细胞器活性提供了一种简单有效的工具。