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Morphology of the antegonial notch and its utility in the determination of sex on skeletal materials
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-27 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13731 Grzegorz Mączka 1 , Michał Kulus 2 , Joanna Grzelak 3 , Michał Porwolik 3 , Maciej Dobrzyński 4 , Paweł Dąbrowski 3
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-27 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13731 Grzegorz Mączka 1 , Michał Kulus 2 , Joanna Grzelak 3 , Michał Porwolik 3 , Maciej Dobrzyński 4 , Paweł Dąbrowski 3
Affiliation
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A number of criteria for the assessment of biological sex, which are applied to living or recently deceased individuals, have been developed, such as genetic, chromosomal, gonadal, hormonal, and phenotypic criteria. Features of a metric and descriptive nature are used to assess the sex of skeletal materials. The diagnostic features of the skull are concentrated in the craniofacial region and around the eye sockets. The mandible is a diagnostically important part of the skull, on which a complex of features is visible. These features develop up to the third decade of life. The goal of the research was to assess the suitability of the parameters of the preangular notch, in other words, the length, height, and surface area for sex prediction applied to skeletal materials. The study included computed tomography images of the masticatory system of 194 patients, consisting of 83 females and 111 males, aged from 16 to 93 years. The three straight lines which correspond to the sides of the triangle representing the notch, in addition to its height, were determined and measured digitally. The receiver operating characteristic method was used to assess the usefulness of the studied features for the purposes of sex prediction. The sensitivity of the test ranged from 51.4% to 67% for the parameters of the preangular notch on the right-hand side, and from 44.4% to 80.2% on the left-hand side. The most reliable predictive models were obtained for two features (shown in the graphical abstract). However, when taking into account, the specificity and sensitivity of the tests presented here, only the length of side AB (a basal length of the notch) can be regarded as a feature that supports the assessment of sex on the basis of other diagnostic features of the mandible. The size and shape of the preangular notch should be treated as auxiliary features in the assessment of sex. For this reason, it is recommended that they should be applied simultaneously to the set of features described in the section on anthropological standards.
中文翻译：
前切迹的形态及其在骨骼材料性别测定中的用途
已经制定了许多适用于在世或最近去世的个体的生物性别评估标准，例如遗传、染色体、性腺、激素和表型标准。度量和描述性质的特征用于评估骨骼材料的性别。颅骨的诊断特征集中在颅面区域和眼窝周围。下颌骨是颅骨诊断上重要的部分，在其上可以看到复杂的特征。这些特征会发展到生命的第三个十年。该研究的目的是评估前角缺口参数的适用性，换句话说，应用于骨骼材料进行性别预测的长度、高度和表面积。该研究包括 194 名患者的咀嚼系统计算机断层扫描图像，其中包括 83 名女性和 111 名男性，年龄在 16 至 93 岁之间。与代表缺口的三角形边相对应的三条直线，除了其高度外，还通过数字方式确定和测量。采用受试者工作特征法评估所研究特征对性别预测的有用性。测试对右侧前角缺口参数的敏感性为 51.4% 至 67%，左侧为 44.4% 至 80.2%。为两个特征获得了最可靠的预测模型（如图形摘要所示）。然而，当考虑到此处介绍的测试的特异性和敏感性时，只有 AB 侧的长度（切迹的基部长度）可以被视为支持根据下颌骨的其他诊断特征评估性别的特征。 前角切迹的大小和形状应被视为性别评估的辅助特征。因此，建议将它们同时应用于人类学标准部分中描述的特征集。
更新日期：2022-07-27
中文翻译：
前切迹的形态及其在骨骼材料性别测定中的用途
已经制定了许多适用于在世或最近去世的个体的生物性别评估标准，例如遗传、染色体、性腺、激素和表型标准。度量和描述性质的特征用于评估骨骼材料的性别。颅骨的诊断特征集中在颅面区域和眼窝周围。下颌骨是颅骨诊断上重要的部分，在其上可以看到复杂的特征。这些特征会发展到生命的第三个十年。该研究的目的是评估前角缺口参数的适用性，换句话说，应用于骨骼材料进行性别预测的长度、高度和表面积。该研究包括 194 名患者的咀嚼系统计算机断层扫描图像，其中包括 83 名女性和 111 名男性，年龄在 16 至 93 岁之间。与代表缺口的三角形边相对应的三条直线，除了其高度外，还通过数字方式确定和测量。采用受试者工作特征法评估所研究特征对性别预测的有用性。测试对右侧前角缺口参数的敏感性为 51.4% 至 67%，左侧为 44.4% 至 80.2%。为两个特征获得了最可靠的预测模型（如图形摘要所示）。然而，当考虑到此处介绍的测试的特异性和敏感性时，只有 AB 侧的长度（切迹的基部长度）可以被视为支持根据下颌骨的其他诊断特征评估性别的特征。 前角切迹的大小和形状应被视为性别评估的辅助特征。因此，建议将它们同时应用于人类学标准部分中描述的特征集。
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